Davita PCT Final Exam (Study Guide) 2022/2023
1. Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane(answer) Ultrafiltration
2. Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the
semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove waste this way*(answer)
Convection
3. Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane
from
*high* to *low* concentration(answer) Diffusion
4. Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration(answer) Osmosis
5. 1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration)
2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion)
3) Acid/Base balance(answer) Kidneys excretory functions
6. 1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system)
2) Erythropoiesis
3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation(answer) Kidneys endocrine functions
7. Function of Bicarbonate(answer) Maintains acid-base balance and
help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body
8. How do we replace *excretory* functions?(answer) Hemodialysis
removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes
electrolytes and metabolic acidosis
9. Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron,
Antihyperten- sive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D,
,Calcimetric agents(answer) - How we replace *endocrine* functions?
10. 1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema
2) Hypertension
3) Chronic Heart Failure
4) Shortness of breath
5) Headaches(answer) Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance
11.Hypertension leads to(answer) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
12.Why is sodium balance important?(answer) Sodium holds onto
water, thirst and blood pressure control
13. 1) Extreme muscle weakness
2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady)
3) Wide QRS
4) Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
14. 1. Fatigue
2. Muscle weakness
3. Respiratory failure
4. Irritable heart muscle
,5. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
6. Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia
15.Lack of Erythropoeitin(answer) Primary cause of anemia
16.Secondary Cause of anemia?(answer) blood loss
17. 1) Heparin lines are clamped
2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose
3) Proper priming(answer) How to prevent blood loss
18.What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by
fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain?(answer)
Pericarditis
19. 1) Lower heparin
2) More dialysis
3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds*(answer) Treatment of
Pericarditis
20.Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy
reliev- ers), pat not rub skin dry and checking phosphorus levels(answer)
If patient is com- plaining of dry, itchy skin
21.What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy
(nerve pain)?(answer) Check water temperature, wear good shoes, no
barefeet, and observe/in- spect feet
22. 1) Calcium
2) Phosphorus
3) PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)
, 4) Calcium/Vitamin D(answer) Four key elements affected in CKD-MBD
23.What is AKI?(answer) Acute Renal Injury (Failure), Kidneys can't
filter waste from blood on their own.
24. 1) Blood loss (Hemorrhaging)
2) Blood clots
3) Burns
*Not getting blood flow to kidneys*(answer) Examples of Pre- renal causes
of AKI
25. 1) Medications
2) Dyes
* Not getting blood inside the kidneys*(answer) Examples of Intra- renal
causes of AKI
26. 1. Kidney stones
2. Neurogenic bladder
3. Vesicoureteral reflux (reflux from bladder > ureter)
*Blockage to kidneys*(answer) Examples of Post-renal causes of AKI
1. Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane(answer) Ultrafiltration
2. Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the
semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove waste this way*(answer)
Convection
3. Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane
from
*high* to *low* concentration(answer) Diffusion
4. Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration(answer) Osmosis
5. 1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration)
2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion)
3) Acid/Base balance(answer) Kidneys excretory functions
6. 1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system)
2) Erythropoiesis
3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation(answer) Kidneys endocrine functions
7. Function of Bicarbonate(answer) Maintains acid-base balance and
help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body
8. How do we replace *excretory* functions?(answer) Hemodialysis
removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes
electrolytes and metabolic acidosis
9. Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron,
Antihyperten- sive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D,
,Calcimetric agents(answer) - How we replace *endocrine* functions?
10. 1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema
2) Hypertension
3) Chronic Heart Failure
4) Shortness of breath
5) Headaches(answer) Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance
11.Hypertension leads to(answer) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
12.Why is sodium balance important?(answer) Sodium holds onto
water, thirst and blood pressure control
13. 1) Extreme muscle weakness
2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady)
3) Wide QRS
4) Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
14. 1. Fatigue
2. Muscle weakness
3. Respiratory failure
4. Irritable heart muscle
,5. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
6. Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia
15.Lack of Erythropoeitin(answer) Primary cause of anemia
16.Secondary Cause of anemia?(answer) blood loss
17. 1) Heparin lines are clamped
2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose
3) Proper priming(answer) How to prevent blood loss
18.What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by
fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain?(answer)
Pericarditis
19. 1) Lower heparin
2) More dialysis
3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds*(answer) Treatment of
Pericarditis
20.Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy
reliev- ers), pat not rub skin dry and checking phosphorus levels(answer)
If patient is com- plaining of dry, itchy skin
21.What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy
(nerve pain)?(answer) Check water temperature, wear good shoes, no
barefeet, and observe/in- spect feet
22. 1) Calcium
2) Phosphorus
3) PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)
, 4) Calcium/Vitamin D(answer) Four key elements affected in CKD-MBD
23.What is AKI?(answer) Acute Renal Injury (Failure), Kidneys can't
filter waste from blood on their own.
24. 1) Blood loss (Hemorrhaging)
2) Blood clots
3) Burns
*Not getting blood flow to kidneys*(answer) Examples of Pre- renal causes
of AKI
25. 1) Medications
2) Dyes
* Not getting blood inside the kidneys*(answer) Examples of Intra- renal
causes of AKI
26. 1. Kidney stones
2. Neurogenic bladder
3. Vesicoureteral reflux (reflux from bladder > ureter)
*Blockage to kidneys*(answer) Examples of Post-renal causes of AKI
