CALT Exam Study Guide 400+ Questions 100% Correct Answers
1. Suprasegmental: Aspect of Language
(intonation, stress, loudness, pitch level, juncture - (the set of features in speech
that enable a hearer to detect a word or phrase boundary), and speaking rate)
2. Segmental: Aspect of Language
(phonemes - vowels & consonants)
3. Phonoligical Awareness: The knowledge of and sensitivity to the sound struc-
ture of language (umbrella term)
It includes: rhyming, segmentation activities, and manipulation activities
Segmentation Activities - segmenting sentences into words, segmenting com-
pound words into syllables, segmenting words into syllables, identifying initial and
final sounds, and segmenting syllables into phonemes
Manipulation Activities - omitting syllables, omitting sounds in words, and changing
sounds into words
4. Dysarthria: A disorder in the nervous system which hinders control over the
tongue, throat, lips, or lungs
Neurological oral-motor dysfunction including weakness of the musculature nec-
essary for coordinating movements of speech production (slurred speech, difficulty
with articulation)
5. Dyspraxia: Sensorimotor disruption in which the motor signals to the muscles,
such as those necessary for speech production, are not consistently or efficiently
received
Difficulty getting the body to do what you want it to
Difficulty planning and coordinating body movement
Difficulty coordinating facial muscles to produce sounds
(a person is born with dyspraxia)
6. Phonemic Awareness: Awareness of the smallest units of speech (phonemes)
and the ability to isolate or manipulate the individual phonemes in words
7. Phonetics: The study of linguistic speech sounds and how they are produced
and perceived
, CALT Exam Study Guide 400+ Questions 100% Correct Answers
8. Alphabetic Principle: The concept that letters on a page represent or map onto
the sounds in spoken words
9. Alphabetic Language: A language, such as English, in which letters are used
systematically to represent speech sounds or phonemes
10. Logographic Writing System: A system in which pictures represent the
words of a language, such as Chinese
If English was treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain over
700,000 symbols
11. Grapheme: A written letter or letter cluster representing a single speech sound
Ex: i, igh
12. Phonics: An approach to teaching reading and spelling that emphasizes
sound-symbol relationships
Sound + Letters
13. Euphony: Words formed or combined as to please the ear
The tendency to make phonetic change for ease of pronunciation
14. 6 Kinds of Syllables: Open
Closed
Vowel - Consonant - e
Final Stable Syllable
Vowel Pair
Vowel - r
15. Naughty i: The vowel i is naughty when it is before a final stable syllable in a
words with three or more syllables
It will be short and coded with a breve
Ex: Tra di [tion
16. Base Word: The simplest form of any English word to which affixes may be
added
A base word is always a complete English word when it stands alone
1. Suprasegmental: Aspect of Language
(intonation, stress, loudness, pitch level, juncture - (the set of features in speech
that enable a hearer to detect a word or phrase boundary), and speaking rate)
2. Segmental: Aspect of Language
(phonemes - vowels & consonants)
3. Phonoligical Awareness: The knowledge of and sensitivity to the sound struc-
ture of language (umbrella term)
It includes: rhyming, segmentation activities, and manipulation activities
Segmentation Activities - segmenting sentences into words, segmenting com-
pound words into syllables, segmenting words into syllables, identifying initial and
final sounds, and segmenting syllables into phonemes
Manipulation Activities - omitting syllables, omitting sounds in words, and changing
sounds into words
4. Dysarthria: A disorder in the nervous system which hinders control over the
tongue, throat, lips, or lungs
Neurological oral-motor dysfunction including weakness of the musculature nec-
essary for coordinating movements of speech production (slurred speech, difficulty
with articulation)
5. Dyspraxia: Sensorimotor disruption in which the motor signals to the muscles,
such as those necessary for speech production, are not consistently or efficiently
received
Difficulty getting the body to do what you want it to
Difficulty planning and coordinating body movement
Difficulty coordinating facial muscles to produce sounds
(a person is born with dyspraxia)
6. Phonemic Awareness: Awareness of the smallest units of speech (phonemes)
and the ability to isolate or manipulate the individual phonemes in words
7. Phonetics: The study of linguistic speech sounds and how they are produced
and perceived
, CALT Exam Study Guide 400+ Questions 100% Correct Answers
8. Alphabetic Principle: The concept that letters on a page represent or map onto
the sounds in spoken words
9. Alphabetic Language: A language, such as English, in which letters are used
systematically to represent speech sounds or phonemes
10. Logographic Writing System: A system in which pictures represent the
words of a language, such as Chinese
If English was treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain over
700,000 symbols
11. Grapheme: A written letter or letter cluster representing a single speech sound
Ex: i, igh
12. Phonics: An approach to teaching reading and spelling that emphasizes
sound-symbol relationships
Sound + Letters
13. Euphony: Words formed or combined as to please the ear
The tendency to make phonetic change for ease of pronunciation
14. 6 Kinds of Syllables: Open
Closed
Vowel - Consonant - e
Final Stable Syllable
Vowel Pair
Vowel - r
15. Naughty i: The vowel i is naughty when it is before a final stable syllable in a
words with three or more syllables
It will be short and coded with a breve
Ex: Tra di [tion
16. Base Word: The simplest form of any English word to which affixes may be
added
A base word is always a complete English word when it stands alone
