DAANCE All Modules Questions With Correct Solutions

Anemia - Reduction of the quantity of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Angina pectoris - Chest pain with the feeling of suffocation usually due to deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium resulting in ischemia to the myocardium, caused by poor coronary circulation. Anticholinergic - A drug that counteracts the action of ecetylcholine, the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system and thereby counteracts the parasympathetic nervous system. Antiemetic - A drug that counteracts nausea and vomiting. Antisialogogue - A drug that counteracts the production of saliva. Anxiolytics - Drugs that reduce or dissolve anxiety, agitation or tension. Aorta - Very large artery receiving oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle and distributed to the peripheral circulation. Arrest rhythms - Premature ventricular contractions (PVC's), ventricular tachycardia (Vtach.), ventricular fibrillation (Vfib.), asystole, pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Artery - A vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Ascites - Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity can be associated with advanced cases of liver disease or right sided heart failure. Asystole - Cessation of all contractions of the myocardium. Frequently follows arrest rhythms such as VTack. or VFib. Also known as "flat line". Ataractics - Pharmacologic agents that produce a tranquilizing effect. Atherosclerosis - A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaque on their inner walls which narrows the lumen and decreases the oxygen-bearing blood supply to the myocardium Atrial fibrillation (AFib.) - An atrial rhythm originating from multiple ectopic foci in the atria characterized by rapid randomized contractions of the atrial myocardium causing a totally irregular baseline and irregular ventricular rate with no P waves. Atrial flutter - An atrial dysrhythmia represented by multiple flutter waves between each QRS on the ECG, considered a more significant abnormal rhythm and warrants a cardiovascular evaluation. Atrial (supraventricular) rhythms - Dysrhythmias in which the pacemaker originates from ectopic foci (instead of the SA node) in the atria above the level of the ventricles. Atrial tachycardia - Rapid heart rate originating from the atria represented by a rate of 150-250, merged P and T waves and a narrow QRS. AKA supraventricular tachycardia. Atrioventricular block - The blockage of the wave of depolarization from the SA node to the AV node represented as no P wave, prolonged or variable PR interval or missed beats. Rated by severity 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree. Atrioventricular node - A microscopic bundle of heart muscle fibers located at the base of the atria above the ventricles responsible for transmitting the wave of depolarization from the SA node to the bundle of his. Autonomic nervous system - Part of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle, heart muscle and glands. We cannot consciously control this system but areas of the brain and spinal cord do. Contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic components. Balanced anesthesia - Anesthesia that relies on the use of several agents together to utilize the best aspects of each but in smaller doses to provide analgesia, amnesia, relaxation/immobility,and hypnosis. Barbiturates - A group of pharmacologic agents that have sedative properties and produce amnesia and a hypnotic effect. Absorbed by body fat and are introduced into the blood stream slowly prolonging their effects. Detoxified in the liver. Baroreceptor - A sensory nerve ending associated with the parasympathetic nervous system that is stimulated by an increase in blood pressure. Located in the aorta, carotid arteries and ventricles. Blood dyscrasia - Any abnormal condition of the blood, clotting disorders. Brachial artery - Passes through the antecubital fossa then branches out. To be avoided with venipuncture Brachiocephalic artery - One of the branches from the aorta that supply the right side of the head, neck, and right arm with blood. Bradycardia - Slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm. Bronchiole - Smallest branches of the bronchi measuring 1mm and terminate in the alveoli. Bronchus - One of the two passageways the trachea divides into and further divides into secondary branches, part of the lower airway. Bundle of His - Wave of depolarization transmitted from the AV node to this special band of cardiac muscle fibers located in the ventricles. This band of atypical muscle fibers propagates the atrial contraction rhythm to the ventricles. Capnography - Measurement and recording of the amount of carbon dioxide in expired air. Necessary in the monitoring of moderate, deep, and general anesthesia. Cardiac dysrhythmias - Rhythm disturbances of the heart Cardiac cycle - The complete cardiac movement (the systolic and diastolic movement and the interval between them) or heartbeat Cardiac output - The total amount of blood pumped by either ventricle of the heart per minute. Cardioacceleratory center - A group of neurons in the brain stem involved in the acceleration of the heart action. Cardioinhibitory center - A group of neurons in the brain stem involved in the that have a inhibitory influence on the heart action via the vagus nerve. Catatonic - A psychiatric state in which the patient appears to be removed or disassociated from the sensory inputs in his environment.