HOSA Nutrition Test
Macronutrients - Correct answer-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates - Correct answer-energy, 4 Kilocalories,
50-60% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids - Correct answer-storage of energy; 9Kcal; less
than 30 % of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein - Correct answer-structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of
daily caloric intake
3 main catagories of carbohydrates - Correct answer-monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - Correct answer-simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide - Correct answer-sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide - Correct answer-starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into - Correct answer-soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibers is - Correct answer-25-35 per day
Soluble fiber - Correct answer-helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber - Correct answer-is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism - Correct answer-galactosemia, primary lactase
deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galatosemia - Correct answer-inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood,
severe symptoms = failure to thrive
Primary lactase deficiency - Correct answer-body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms,
early onset
Lactose intolerance - Correct answer-later onset, varied severity, various causes:
inheritance, increased antibiotic use
Sucrase deficiency - Correct answer-similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest
sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset
, Functions of Carbohydrates - Correct answer-primary energy source for energy;
balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination &
blood sugar control; liver detox
Amino acids - Correct answer-the basic building blocks for proteins
Proteins are subdivided into - Correct answer-essential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia - Correct answer-the main waste product produced by protein
metabolism
Dietary sources of protein - Correct answer-complete: animal based; incomplete: plant
based
Complete & incomplete protein forms - Correct answer-are based upon the range of
amino acids present
Disorders of protein - Correct answer-Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition - Correct answer-Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus - Correct answer-"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease - Correct answer-protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids - Correct answer-tissue repair; immune system support;
neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
Fats - Correct answer-should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on - Correct answer-number of carbohydrates, degree of
saturation & location of the first double bond
Saturated fats - Correct answer-have no double bonds
Saturated fats come from - Correct answer-animal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats - Correct answer-have one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats - Correct answer-have many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats - Correct answer-come from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids - Correct answer-omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3
(linolenic acid)
Macronutrients - Correct answer-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates - Correct answer-energy, 4 Kilocalories,
50-60% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids - Correct answer-storage of energy; 9Kcal; less
than 30 % of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein - Correct answer-structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of
daily caloric intake
3 main catagories of carbohydrates - Correct answer-monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - Correct answer-simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide - Correct answer-sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide - Correct answer-starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into - Correct answer-soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibers is - Correct answer-25-35 per day
Soluble fiber - Correct answer-helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber - Correct answer-is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism - Correct answer-galactosemia, primary lactase
deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galatosemia - Correct answer-inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood,
severe symptoms = failure to thrive
Primary lactase deficiency - Correct answer-body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms,
early onset
Lactose intolerance - Correct answer-later onset, varied severity, various causes:
inheritance, increased antibiotic use
Sucrase deficiency - Correct answer-similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest
sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset
, Functions of Carbohydrates - Correct answer-primary energy source for energy;
balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination &
blood sugar control; liver detox
Amino acids - Correct answer-the basic building blocks for proteins
Proteins are subdivided into - Correct answer-essential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia - Correct answer-the main waste product produced by protein
metabolism
Dietary sources of protein - Correct answer-complete: animal based; incomplete: plant
based
Complete & incomplete protein forms - Correct answer-are based upon the range of
amino acids present
Disorders of protein - Correct answer-Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition - Correct answer-Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus - Correct answer-"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease - Correct answer-protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids - Correct answer-tissue repair; immune system support;
neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
Fats - Correct answer-should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on - Correct answer-number of carbohydrates, degree of
saturation & location of the first double bond
Saturated fats - Correct answer-have no double bonds
Saturated fats come from - Correct answer-animal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats - Correct answer-have one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats - Correct answer-have many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats - Correct answer-come from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids - Correct answer-omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3
(linolenic acid)
