BIOD 152 Module 2 Exam

BIOD 152 Module 2 Exam Human Brain Divisions -CORRECT ANSWER- cerebrum, brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum What protects the brain? -CORRECT ANSWER- skull, meninges, and BBB Ventricles of the brain -CORRECT ANSWER- cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid; 2 lateral, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle Meninges -CORRECT ANSWER- 3 layers of connective tissue that cover and protect the CNS organs and enclose CSF. Dura Mater -CORRECT ANSWER- thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord pia mater -CORRECT ANSWER- the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. CSF -CORRECT ANSWER- special fluid formed in walls of ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the choroid plexus; cushions the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy, allowing the brain to float. BBB -CORRECT ANSWER- diffusion barrier that prevents most particles from entering CNS tissue; brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation. Formed by impermeable brain capillaries, due to astrocytes due to need for stable chemical environment. Cerebrum -CORRECT ANSWER- largest part of the brain, 83%; includes median longitudinal fissure, left and right cerebral hemispheres, gyri, sulci, and fissures corpus callosum -CORRECT ANSWER- A bridge of white nerve fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres Cerebral cortex -CORRECT ANSWER- outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain Deep sulci -CORRECT ANSWER- frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital Frontal sulci -CORRECT ANSWER- controls higher level executive fx like reasoning and decision making; controls motor fx and control over voluntary muscle actions parietal lobe -CORRECT ANSWER- A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch; receive sensory info from receptors in mouth for taste and in skn four touch, pain, and pressure. Occipital -CORRECT ANSWER- interprets visual input Temporal -CORRECT ANSWER- sensory areas for hearing and smelling Association areas -CORRECT ANSWER- act mainly to integrate more than 1 type of sensory info for purposeful action Primary motor cortex -CORRECT ANSWER- the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement Primary sensory cortex -CORRECT ANSWER- regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses Broca's area -CORRECT ANSWER- controls language expression - an area, usually in the left frontal lobe, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech; speech production Wernicke's Area -CORRECT ANSWER- located in temporal lobe; speech comprehension Conciousness -CORRECT ANSWER- state of being awake/aware, located in the cerebrum. Cerebrum controls: -CORRECT ANSWER- Cerebrum controls activities of the lower parts of the brain, can override functioning of lower parts of brain (i.e. via biofeedback, meditation, etc.), initiates voluntary motor activities and controls actions of cerebellum by acting on sensory input via thalamus. Brainstem -CORRECT ANSWER- medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain medulla oblongata -CORRECT ANSWER- Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion; vasoconstriction, reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping and swallowing, tracts that ascend or descend between SC and brains higher centers vasoconstriction -CORRECT ANSWER- the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. Pons -CORRECT ANSWER- Contains axon bundles traveling between cerebellum and rest of CNS; fx with medulla to regulate breathing rate and has reflex centers concerned with head movements in response to auditory and visual stimuli Midbrain -CORRECT ANSWER- Acts as a relay center for tracts passing between the cerebrum, SC or cerebellum; reflex-centers for higher levl fxs involved in visual, auditory, and tactile responses. Superior and inferior colliculi -CORRECT ANSWER- located at the rostral end of the brainstem, control reflexes for head, neck in response to sudden visual or auditory stimulus Diencephalon -CORRECT ANSWER- thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus maintains homeostasis, regulates basic body fx like hinger, sleep, thirst, body temp, water balance, and BP