COM Exam 1 Chapters 1-6 questions and correct answers

Noise: Physical - correct answers interference to both speaker and listener. Interferes with the physical transmission of the signal or message. Examples include blurred type or font, automobile noise, popup ads Noise: Physiological - correct answers involves biological factors in the receiver that interfere with accurate reception: hearing loss, illness, and so on. Noise: Psychological - correct answers refers to cognitive factors that make communication less effective. Mental interference such as biases, wandering thoughts, extreme emotionalism, close mindedness. Noise: Semantic - correct answers Occurs when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems, such as language, differences in dialect or jargon, use of abstract or ambiguous terms Irreversibility - correct answers can't take it back Inevitability - correct answers always taking place, even when not intended. Unrepeatability - correct answers can't be duplicated. Communication Model - correct answers Demonstrates how messages are sent and received simultaneously. These messages are often influenced by contextual factors, such as the surrounding environment, noise, channel, and meaning that exists within and among communicators. Difference between synchronous & asynchronous messages - correct answers A synchronous operation blocks a process till the operation completes. An asynchronous operation is non-blocking and only initiates the operation. content and relational messages - correct answers Content -pertaining to the world external to both speaker and listener. Relational - having to with the relationship between the individuals Difference between masspersonal and interpersonal communication - correct answers Masspersonal communication characterizes interaction that crosses boundaries between mass and interpersonal contexts. While interpersonal relationships are distinguished by the uniqueness of the interaction, level of interdependence between or among communicators, amount of self-disclosure, and the reward of developing a relationship Esstentialism - correct answers refers to assumptions that social differences stem from intrinsic, innate human variations unrelated to social forces. Socialization - correct answers Aggregate set of experiences in which children become clear about norms and expectations and learn how to function as accepted members of a culture. Enthocentrism - correct answers a tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters and to evaluate the beliefs, values and behaviors of your own culture as superior. Identity composites - correct answers Examples White Jewish Boy from a middle class family Latino Catholic girl from a working-class family Homosexual boy from a conservative Christian family Mixed-race girl with a disability from an upper-class family We're socialized based on different identity composites. In-Group/Out-Group - correct answers In-group: see person as an individual. Stereotypes less likely to occur. Out-group: see person as the sum of perceived group characteristics. This is where stereotypes occur. Privilege - correct answers Key concept in understanding how social identity impacts people. Privilege = advantage based solely on social identity. For example, regardless of education and similar experience, men of all races make more than women. Internal Oppression - correct answers Non-dominant groups often help perpetuate hierarchies because they believe their group is inferior and the dominant group is superior. Accepting these ideas and believing in negative stereotypes is internalized oppression. Restraint Culture - correct answers Restraint stands for a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms. Indulgence Culture - correct answers Indulgence stands for a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. Long-term Orientation - correct answers The importance of future rewards. Individuals are encouraged to save money and invest in education. Educational success is often attributed to hard work. Humility is emphasized for both genders. A high value is placed on the elderly being happy. Short-term Orientation - correct answers Individuals from this cultural perspective are more likely to spend money quickly and to desire quick results from their work. Humility is emphasized for women only. Becoming older is perceived as unpleasant. Educational success is often perceived as by luck or chance. High Ambiguity - correct answers Uncertainty is a normal part of life. Rules are not very important. Encourage and embrace individuals who are different from the norm. Creativity is rewarded and desired- especially in education. Students accept teacher's lack of knowledge. Low Ambiguity - correct answers Individuals from this cultural perspective experience anxiety when not knowing what is going to happen next. Clear rules are emphasized and developed. Students prefer structured learning environments with clear expectations. High Power Distance - correct answers Includes clear differences between those who are in authority and those who are not as well as distinctions between the rich and the poor. Students are expected to be modest, polite, and respectful. relationships are developed more based on status. Direst confrontation is viewed negatively, especially of a superior. Low Power Distance - correct answers Students are expected to demonstrate knowledge by participating in discussion and even questioning or challenging the teacher. Relationships are developed based more on personality and appearance, rather than on status. Individuals value assertive and direct behavior. Masculine - correct answers Gender roles are distinct. Men are valued for aggressiveness, material success and strength. Women are valued for modestly, tenderness and quality of life. Competitiveness is supported and expected. Individuals are more likely to confront conflicts directly and seek win-lose solutions. The "bottom line" is the more important aspect of the workplace. Feminine - correct answers Both men and women are valued for modesty, concern for relationships, quality of life, and tenderness. Quality of life is one of the top values in this cultural perspective. Conflict is entered with the expectation of compromise and the desire to negotiate. Workplaces often incorporate need based compensation. High Context - correct answers Emphasizes relationships and shared experiences. Individuals often communicate through nonverbal means and many are also a part of collectivist cultures. Agreements are often discussed orally rather than written down. Time is spent on building relationships and trust prior to making business transactions. Individuals hesitate to say "no" and do not want to offend others. Low Context - correct answers Individuals from this cultural perspective are also often individualistic and use direct in communication. They emphasize explicitly stated verbal messages and favor written contracts. Individualist - correct answers Individual goals are the most important and success is often measured by doing better than others. Pride is taken in standing out and being unique. Competition is promoted. Individuals from this cultural perspective may argue just to "win" or prove a point. Collectivist - correct answers Group goals are the most important; success is measured by your contribution to the group, Cooperation is promoted. Individuals from this cultural perspective may avoid arguing to avoid making the other person look bad and when they do argue, they are more likely to take place in private. Self-Concept is derived: Other's image of you - correct answers Some people are more worried about what other people think which isn't important but it can change your self esteem. Self-Concept is derived: Comparisons with others - correct answers Seeing other people who you may think look better than you and you can put yourself down based on others. Self-Concept is derived: Cultural teachings - correct answers An individual's self-concept develops over time, influenced by supportive messages from others, especially those who are particularly influential in our lives, and the way we compare ourselves to other people. Self-Concept is derived: Self-evaluations - correct answers Sometimes we view ourselves more harshly than others view us, and sometimes we view ourselves more favorably than others view us. This is related to the fact that sometimes we let our past influence the way we view ourselves, we let overly critical messages influences us the most, we try to be perfect, and we live in a society that tends to reward those who actually downplay their strengths. Johari Window: Open, blind, hidden, unknown selves - correct answers Refers to a metaphoric division of four areas of one's self, used to examine what we know and don't know about ourselves. 5 stages of perception: stage 1- Stimulation - correct answers Listening, touching, tasting, smelling. 5 stages of perception: stage 2- Organization - correct answers putting the data that your senses pick up in some order, by rules schemata or script. 5 stages of perception: stage 3- Interpretation/evaluation - correct answers influenced by your experiences, desires, needs, values, beliefs, and expectations, state of mind or body. 5 stages of perception: stage 4- Memory - correct answers your perceptions and their interpretations-evaluations are stored here for later use. 5 stages of perception: stage 5- Recall - correct answers accessing information stored in memory.