IOP 1501 (Possible Questions with Correct Answers)

purposiveness correct answers being goal-directed reinforcement correct answers the shaping of behaviour through reward or punishment positive motivation correct answers the encouragement of positive behaviour negative motivation correct answers emphasising punishment job satisfaction correct answers experiencing positive feelings about one's job rotation correct answers shifting a person to another job of the same level enlargement correct answers expanding a job horizontally, by adding variety job enrichment correct answers giving an employee more authority over his/her job self-actualisation needs correct answers the need to grow and express oneself propriate autonomy correct answers motives sprouting from the individual's self perseverative autonomy correct answers behavioural patterns not maintained by original motives expectancy correct answers subjective beliefs about the outcome of behaviour valence correct answers the positive or negative value of an outcome instrumentality correct answers the contingent relationship between various outcomes self-efficacy correct answers experiencing control over event's in one's life locus of causality correct answers attributing the causes of events to internal or external factors fairness correct answers a favourable comparison between inputs and outputs emotion process correct answers a series of particular steps that influence emotion unconscious contents correct answers instincts, ideas and emotions that affect behaviour without the awareness of the person Motivation correct answers defined as purposeful and directional behaviour that is aimed at achieving balance or psychological growth and renewal. Various personal or internal and external or environmental activators determine the direction and strength of motivation. Hawthorne studies correct answers -Elton Mayo between 1927 and 1932