Enzyme Catalysis Pre-Lab Questions 2022/23

1. How could you test to see if an enzyme was completely depleted during an experiment? By increasing the amount of saturation, if the amount of reaction does not change then that means the enzyme was completely saturated. 2. Describe an experiment that could test the hypothesis that an enzyme binds to a substrate when it acts. An experiment to test an enzyme binding to the substrate to convert into a product could be: Starch -- amylase -- Maltose + Maltose. Amylase is an enzylme that exists in the saliva which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide starch to the disaccharide maltose. If amylase is added to starch the starch will be digested by the enzyme becoming maltose. One will disappear and the other will appear. 3. List three conditions that would alter the activity of an enzyme. Be specific with your explanation. The concentration, PH levels, and the temperatures. The amount of enzymes in a concentration compare to the substrate will effect how they react. The PH balance or acidity levels will affect their reaction. The temperature of the enzymes will affect if they denature or their reaction rate; Extreme hot or cold temperatures are not effective for enzymes. 4. Take a look around your house and identify household products that work by means of an enzyme. Name the products and indicate how you know they work with an enzyme. Some obvious household products that would work by the means of an enzyme would be washer or dishwasher detergents. Another would be common cleaners. If a protein has a biochemical reaction, then it is an enzyme. If the product contains a protein, then it will work with enzymes. Experiment 1: Enzymes in Food Data Tables Table 1: Substance vs. Starch Presence Substance Resulting Color Presence of Starch? Positive Control: Starch Yellow/ brown Yes Negative Control: Water Purple/ black No Food Product: Apple Purple Yes Food Product: Potato Light brown Yes Saliva: Light brown No Post-Lab Questions 1. What is the function of amylase? What does amylase do to starch? Amylase is an enzyme present in the body to help expedite digestion. Amylase breaks down starches into glucose modules. 2. What were your controls for this experiment? What did they demonstrate? Why was saliva included in this experiment? The positive control was the starch solution which demonstrates the presence of amylase. The negative control was the water which demonstrates the that no amylase was present. Saliva was included for this experiment because saliva contains the amylase enzyme. 3. Which of the foods that you tested contained amylase? Which did not? What experimental evidence supports your claim? The potato contained amylase and the apple did not. Foods that contain amylase should be able to break down starch, so once I sprayed the starched paper towel with iodine those areas did not turn purple. Meaning they were able to break down the starch. 4. There is another digestive enzyme (other than salivary amylase) that is secreted by the salivary glands. Research to determine what this enzyme is called? What substrate does it act on? Where in the body does it become activated, and why? The enzyme is called the lingual lipase, it is secreted by salivary glands and gets activated in the small intestine to convert oils and fatty acids.