HESI EXIT RN EXAM 2023
1. A nurse observes a patient rising from a chair slowly by pushing on
the chair arms. Which type of tension and contraction did the nurseobserve?
a. Eccentric tension and isotonic contraction
b. Eccentric tension and isometric contraction
c. Concentric tension and isotonic contraction
d. Concentric tension and isometric contraction
ANS: A
This movement causes eccentric tension and isotonic contraction. Eccentric tension helps control
the speed and direction of movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, the patient
slowly lowers himself to the bed. The lowering is controlled when the antagonistic muscles
lengthen. By pushing on the chair arms and rising eccentric tension and isotonic contraction
occurred. In concentric tension, increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in
movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed. Concentric and
eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement and therefore are referred to as
dynamic or isotonic contraction. Isometric contraction (static contraction) causes an increase in
muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (e.g.,
instructing the patient to tighten and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic
floor exercises).
2. A nurse notices that a patient has a structural curvature of the spine
associated with vertebral rotation. Which condition will the nurse most likelyfind documented in
the patient’s medical record?
a. Scoliosis
b. Arthritis
c. Osteomalacia
d. Osteogenesis
ANS: A
, Scoliosis is a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Osteogenesis
imperfecta is an inherited disorder that makes bonesporous, short, bowed, and deformed.
Osteomalacia is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed
mineralization,resulting in compact and spongy bone. Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease
characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage
and by systemic signs of inflammation.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who has some immobility from noninflammatory
joint degeneration. The nurse is teaching the patient
about this process. Which information will the nurse include in theteaching session?
a. This will affect synovial fluid.
b. This will affect the body systemically.
c. This involves mostly non–weight-bearing joints.
d. This involves overgrowth of bone at the articular ends.
ANS: D
Joint degeneration, which can occur with inflammatory and noninflammatory disease, is marked by
changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowthof bone at the articular ends. Degenerative
changes commonly affect weight- bearing joints. Synovial fluid is normal in noninflammatory
diseases.
Inflammatory joint disease (e.g., arthritis) is characterized by inflammation ordestruction of the
synovial membrane and articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation.
4. The nurse is providing care to a patient who is bedridden. The nurse
raises the height of the bed. What is the rationale for the nurse’s action?
a. Narrows the nurse’s base of support.
b. Allows the nurse to bring feet closer together.
c. Prevents a shift in the nurse’s base of support.
Shifts the nurse’s center of gravity farther away from the base of
d. support.
ANS: C
Raising the height of the bed when performing a procedure prevents bending
too far at the waist and shifting the base of support. Balance is maintained by
1. A nurse observes a patient rising from a chair slowly by pushing on
the chair arms. Which type of tension and contraction did the nurseobserve?
a. Eccentric tension and isotonic contraction
b. Eccentric tension and isometric contraction
c. Concentric tension and isotonic contraction
d. Concentric tension and isometric contraction
ANS: A
This movement causes eccentric tension and isotonic contraction. Eccentric tension helps control
the speed and direction of movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, the patient
slowly lowers himself to the bed. The lowering is controlled when the antagonistic muscles
lengthen. By pushing on the chair arms and rising eccentric tension and isotonic contraction
occurred. In concentric tension, increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in
movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed. Concentric and
eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement and therefore are referred to as
dynamic or isotonic contraction. Isometric contraction (static contraction) causes an increase in
muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (e.g.,
instructing the patient to tighten and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic
floor exercises).
2. A nurse notices that a patient has a structural curvature of the spine
associated with vertebral rotation. Which condition will the nurse most likelyfind documented in
the patient’s medical record?
a. Scoliosis
b. Arthritis
c. Osteomalacia
d. Osteogenesis
ANS: A
, Scoliosis is a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Osteogenesis
imperfecta is an inherited disorder that makes bonesporous, short, bowed, and deformed.
Osteomalacia is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed
mineralization,resulting in compact and spongy bone. Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease
characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage
and by systemic signs of inflammation.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who has some immobility from noninflammatory
joint degeneration. The nurse is teaching the patient
about this process. Which information will the nurse include in theteaching session?
a. This will affect synovial fluid.
b. This will affect the body systemically.
c. This involves mostly non–weight-bearing joints.
d. This involves overgrowth of bone at the articular ends.
ANS: D
Joint degeneration, which can occur with inflammatory and noninflammatory disease, is marked by
changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowthof bone at the articular ends. Degenerative
changes commonly affect weight- bearing joints. Synovial fluid is normal in noninflammatory
diseases.
Inflammatory joint disease (e.g., arthritis) is characterized by inflammation ordestruction of the
synovial membrane and articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation.
4. The nurse is providing care to a patient who is bedridden. The nurse
raises the height of the bed. What is the rationale for the nurse’s action?
a. Narrows the nurse’s base of support.
b. Allows the nurse to bring feet closer together.
c. Prevents a shift in the nurse’s base of support.
Shifts the nurse’s center of gravity farther away from the base of
d. support.
ANS: C
Raising the height of the bed when performing a procedure prevents bending
too far at the waist and shifting the base of support. Balance is maintained by
