Pathophysiology Final Exam 3rd Year Semester 2 Questions and Answers 2023

Hypokalemia usually associates: A. metabolic acidosis B. metabolic alkalosis C. decreased neuromuscular excitability D. increased neuromuscular excitability E. cardiac dysrhythmias F. plasma hypo-osmolarity - Correct Answer B. metabolic alkalosis C. decreased neuromuscular excitability E. cardiac dysrhythmias Compensatory mechanisms in metabolic acidosis could be done by: A. pulmonary hyperventilation B. pulmonary hypoventilation (not effective) C. H⁺ entrance into the cells in exchange with K⁺ D. decreased renal excretion of H⁺ as ammonium salts and titratable acidity E. increased bicarbonate reabsorption and bicarbonate buffering - Correct Answer A. pulmonary hyperventilation C. H⁺ entrance into the cells in exchange with K⁺ E. increased bicarbonate reabsorption and bicarbonate buffering Diabetes mellitus type 1 is characterized by: A. autoimmune pathogenesis B. obesity C. absolute deficiency of insulin because of beta cell destruction D. decreased insulin activity E. occurrence during old age (after 40 years) - Correct Answer A. autoimmune pathogenesis C. absolute deficiency of insulin because of beta cell destruction Mechanisms of hyperlipoproteinemia type 1 (hyperchylomicronemia): A. deficiency of apo B100 B. deficiency of HDL C. hypercholesterolemia D. hypercaloric diet E. deficiency of lipoprotein lipase F. deficiency of apo C-II - Correct Answer E. deficiency of lipoprotein lipase F. deficiency of apo C-II Mechanisms of pulmonary failure in chronic obstructive lung disease could be: A. hypercapnia B. hypoxemia