ARRT Radiography Exam (Mosby
Review) l Fully solved 2023
Ionizing Radiation - CORRECT ANS radiation that is able to remove electrons
from an atom through ionization
Somatic effects - CORRECT ANS refers to the effects of radiation to the body
being irradiated
Genetic Effects - CORRECT ANS refers to effects of radiation to a germ cell's
genetic code; effects the next generation
Primary radiation - CORRECT ANS radiation exiting the x-ray tube
Remnant radiation (or Exit Radiation) - CORRECT ANS x-rays the leave the
patient and strike the image receptor
attenuation - CORRECT ANS absorption and scatter of the x-ray beam as it
passes through the patient
heterogenous beam - CORRECT ANS x-ray beam that has photons of many
different energies
photoelectric effect - CORRECT ANS absorption of x-ray photons in the body
compton effect - CORRECT ANS scatter of x-ray photons in the body
air kerma - CORRECT ANS unit of exposure
gray - CORRECT ANS unit of absorbed dose
gray(a) - CORRECT ANS unit of radiation absorbed in air
gray(t) - CORRECT ANS unit of radiation absorbed in tissue
sievert - CORRECT ANS unit of effective dose or unit of equivalent dose
becquerel - CORRECT ANS unit of activity
uncontrolled area - CORRECT ANS general public area, like waiting room or
stairways
controlled area - CORRECT ANS occupied by people trained in radiation safety
and wear radiation badges/monitors
x-ray tube leakage may not exceed what? - CORRECT ANS 1mGy(a) per hour at
a distance of 1 meter from the housing
minimum lead equivalent for fluoro curtain - CORRECT ANS 0.25mm
minimum lead equivalent for bucky slot shield - CORRECT ANS 0.25mm
NAS or NRC-BEIR - CORRECT ANS National Academy of Sciences/National
Research Counsel on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and publishes the data
NCRP - CORRECT ANS National Counsel on Radiation Protection
publishes radiation protection guidelines for the US
NRC - CORRECT ANS Nuclear Regulatory Commission
enforces radiation protection standards at the federal level
NCRP Report #102 - CORRECT ANS makes recommendations on equipment
design and protection regarding lead shielding and fluoro and mobile exposure rates
NCRP Report #116 - CORRECT ANS makes recommendations pertaining to risk-
benefit analysis of radiation exposure; states genetic and somatic effects need to be
kept to a minimum; makes annual dose limits
NCRP #160 - CORRECT ANS addresses radiation exposure from all sources to
people in the US
effective dose limit - CORRECT ANS upper boundary dose that can be absorbed
(either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of genetic or somatic
effects to the individual
, ARRT Radiography Exam (Mosby
Review) l Fully solved 2023
cumulative effective dose - CORRECT ANS lifetime occupational exposure must
not exceed radiographer's age x 10 mSv
equivalent dose - CORRECT ANS equal to the absorbed dose multiplied by the
radiation weighting factor
equivalent dose limit - CORRECT ANS upper boundary dose that can be
absorbed (either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of deterministic
effect
Dose Area Product (DAP) - CORRECT ANS total air kerma striking the patient
probabilistic effects (stochastic) - CORRECT ANS randomly occurring effects of
radiation; probability is proportional to the dose (increased dose = increased
probability)
Deterministic Effects - CORRECT ANS radiation effects that become more
severe at higher levels of radiation exposure; do not occur below a certain threshold
GSD (Genetically Significant Dose) - CORRECT ANS average annual gonadal
dose of radiation to individuals of childbearing age; addresses the relationship of
gonadal doses to individuals versus an entire population and the overall effects
Linear Energy Transfer (LET) - CORRECT ANS amount of energy deposited by
radiation per unit length of tissue
Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) - CORRECT ANS ability to produce biologic
damage; varies with the LET
Direct effect - CORRECT ANS occurs when radiation directly strikes DNA in the
cellular nucleus
Indirect effect - CORRECT ANS occurs when radiation strikes the water
molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell
Radiolysis of water - CORRECT ANS occurs as radiation energy is deposited in
the water of the cell; the result of radiolysis is an ion pair in the cell: a positively
charged water molecule (HOH+) and a free electron
Mutation - CORRECT ANS erroneous information passed to subsequent
generations via cell division
Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - CORRECT ANS ells are most sensitive to
radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing
Early somatic effects of radiation - CORRECT ANS hematopoietic syndrome;
gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome; central nervous system syndrome
Late somatic effects of radiation - CORRECT ANS carcinogenesis;
cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening
Cardinal principles of radiation protection - CORRECT ANS time, distance,
shielding
what is the best protection against radiation exposure? - CORRECT ANS
distance
Mean marrow dose - CORRECT ANS average dose to bone marrow
mass - CORRECT ANS the amount of matter in an object; generally considered
the same as weight
energy - CORRECT ANS the ability to do work
Potential energy - CORRECT ANS energy of position
Kinetic energy - CORRECT ANS energy of motion
chemical energy - CORRECT ANS energy from a chemical reaction
Electrical energy - CORRECT ANS result of the movement of electrons
Thermal energy - CORRECT ANS heat energy resulting from the movement of
atoms or molecules
Review) l Fully solved 2023
Ionizing Radiation - CORRECT ANS radiation that is able to remove electrons
from an atom through ionization
Somatic effects - CORRECT ANS refers to the effects of radiation to the body
being irradiated
Genetic Effects - CORRECT ANS refers to effects of radiation to a germ cell's
genetic code; effects the next generation
Primary radiation - CORRECT ANS radiation exiting the x-ray tube
Remnant radiation (or Exit Radiation) - CORRECT ANS x-rays the leave the
patient and strike the image receptor
attenuation - CORRECT ANS absorption and scatter of the x-ray beam as it
passes through the patient
heterogenous beam - CORRECT ANS x-ray beam that has photons of many
different energies
photoelectric effect - CORRECT ANS absorption of x-ray photons in the body
compton effect - CORRECT ANS scatter of x-ray photons in the body
air kerma - CORRECT ANS unit of exposure
gray - CORRECT ANS unit of absorbed dose
gray(a) - CORRECT ANS unit of radiation absorbed in air
gray(t) - CORRECT ANS unit of radiation absorbed in tissue
sievert - CORRECT ANS unit of effective dose or unit of equivalent dose
becquerel - CORRECT ANS unit of activity
uncontrolled area - CORRECT ANS general public area, like waiting room or
stairways
controlled area - CORRECT ANS occupied by people trained in radiation safety
and wear radiation badges/monitors
x-ray tube leakage may not exceed what? - CORRECT ANS 1mGy(a) per hour at
a distance of 1 meter from the housing
minimum lead equivalent for fluoro curtain - CORRECT ANS 0.25mm
minimum lead equivalent for bucky slot shield - CORRECT ANS 0.25mm
NAS or NRC-BEIR - CORRECT ANS National Academy of Sciences/National
Research Counsel on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and publishes the data
NCRP - CORRECT ANS National Counsel on Radiation Protection
publishes radiation protection guidelines for the US
NRC - CORRECT ANS Nuclear Regulatory Commission
enforces radiation protection standards at the federal level
NCRP Report #102 - CORRECT ANS makes recommendations on equipment
design and protection regarding lead shielding and fluoro and mobile exposure rates
NCRP Report #116 - CORRECT ANS makes recommendations pertaining to risk-
benefit analysis of radiation exposure; states genetic and somatic effects need to be
kept to a minimum; makes annual dose limits
NCRP #160 - CORRECT ANS addresses radiation exposure from all sources to
people in the US
effective dose limit - CORRECT ANS upper boundary dose that can be absorbed
(either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of genetic or somatic
effects to the individual
, ARRT Radiography Exam (Mosby
Review) l Fully solved 2023
cumulative effective dose - CORRECT ANS lifetime occupational exposure must
not exceed radiographer's age x 10 mSv
equivalent dose - CORRECT ANS equal to the absorbed dose multiplied by the
radiation weighting factor
equivalent dose limit - CORRECT ANS upper boundary dose that can be
absorbed (either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of deterministic
effect
Dose Area Product (DAP) - CORRECT ANS total air kerma striking the patient
probabilistic effects (stochastic) - CORRECT ANS randomly occurring effects of
radiation; probability is proportional to the dose (increased dose = increased
probability)
Deterministic Effects - CORRECT ANS radiation effects that become more
severe at higher levels of radiation exposure; do not occur below a certain threshold
GSD (Genetically Significant Dose) - CORRECT ANS average annual gonadal
dose of radiation to individuals of childbearing age; addresses the relationship of
gonadal doses to individuals versus an entire population and the overall effects
Linear Energy Transfer (LET) - CORRECT ANS amount of energy deposited by
radiation per unit length of tissue
Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) - CORRECT ANS ability to produce biologic
damage; varies with the LET
Direct effect - CORRECT ANS occurs when radiation directly strikes DNA in the
cellular nucleus
Indirect effect - CORRECT ANS occurs when radiation strikes the water
molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell
Radiolysis of water - CORRECT ANS occurs as radiation energy is deposited in
the water of the cell; the result of radiolysis is an ion pair in the cell: a positively
charged water molecule (HOH+) and a free electron
Mutation - CORRECT ANS erroneous information passed to subsequent
generations via cell division
Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - CORRECT ANS ells are most sensitive to
radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing
Early somatic effects of radiation - CORRECT ANS hematopoietic syndrome;
gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome; central nervous system syndrome
Late somatic effects of radiation - CORRECT ANS carcinogenesis;
cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening
Cardinal principles of radiation protection - CORRECT ANS time, distance,
shielding
what is the best protection against radiation exposure? - CORRECT ANS
distance
Mean marrow dose - CORRECT ANS average dose to bone marrow
mass - CORRECT ANS the amount of matter in an object; generally considered
the same as weight
energy - CORRECT ANS the ability to do work
Potential energy - CORRECT ANS energy of position
Kinetic energy - CORRECT ANS energy of motion
chemical energy - CORRECT ANS energy from a chemical reaction
Electrical energy - CORRECT ANS result of the movement of electrons
Thermal energy - CORRECT ANS heat energy resulting from the movement of
atoms or molecules
