Portage Learning BIOD 152 A&P 2 Final Exam 2023/2024

Portage Learning BIOD 152 A&P 2 Final Exam 2023/2024 Identify the parts of the neuron shown in the diagram below a. dendrite b. cell body c. nucleus List the four parts of the human brain The human brain is made up of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, andcerebellum. List and describe the 3 meninges of the human brain. The leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer meninx. The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subduralspace. The inner pia mater meninx is composed of connective tissue and is tightly attached to the brain. Answer the following three questions: What blood cell contains hemoglobin?Red blood cells The P wave represents what? Atrial depolarization (systole) Define Systole. the heart is contracting and ejecting blood into circulation List 3 functions of the female reproductive system. The female reproductive system has the following functions: eggs and estrogen production aswell as serving as the site for the development of a baby after fertilization of an egg occurs. Name the three types of ligaments associated with the ovaries and the function of each. The ovaries are held in place by the suspensory, ovarian, and broad ligaments. The suspensory ligaments attach the ovaries to the pelvis wall. The ovarian ligaments attach the ovaries to the uterus. The broad ligaments hold the ovaries in place in the pelvis. Tell whether each of the following describes mitosis or meiosis: Occurs only to produce new offspring meiosis Two division cycles meiosis No crossing-over occurs mitosis Four daughter cells are produced meiosis Produces cells which are not genetically identical to the parent meiosis Each tRNA anticodon codes for one type of : C a. protein b. ribosome c. amino acid d. enzyme Does transcription or translation occur primarily at the ribosome? Translation Which requires RNA polymerase, transcription or translation? Transcription Are amino acids bonded together during translation or transcription? Translation If a codon reads: GAC, what is the correct anticodon? CUG Describe the shape, size and weight of a human adult kidney. The adult kidney is bean shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs about 5 ounces. Describe the structure and function of the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is the centermost section of the kidney and is a funnel-shaped tube that connectsto the ureter. Extensions of the pelvis called calyces collect urine which drains into the renal pelvis and theninto the ureter. You are treating a patient in the hospital who was admitted with signs of orthostatic hypotension(decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, lightheaded) secondary to having severe diarrhea and dehydration. Which of the following would you expect to be their GFR (glomerular filtrationrate) given their symptoms? Explain your answer. a. 85 ml/min. b. 120 ml/min. c. 142 ml/min a. 85 ml/min. Dehydration decreases glomerular filtration rate. Explain, in detail, how the cardiovascular baroceptors work to maintain blood pressure. The cardiovascular baroceptors monitor and regulate blood volume (which is influenced directly by Na+ ion concentration) to maintain blood pressure. If blood volume (and consequently blood pressure) rises, the baroceptors signal the kidney causing a dramatic increase in the filtration rate,increasing the output of water and Na+ which reduces blood volume to quickly normalize the pressure. Explain, in detail, how the kidneys act to regulate pH by the excretion or reabsorption ofbicarbonate. The major kidney acid-base regulating process is by way of excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonateion. Examination of the equilibrium equation sequence below will demonstrate that loss of a bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion from the body amounts to the gain of H+ since the reactions will shift to the right. Conversely, gain of a bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion amounts to the loss of H+ since the reactions willshift to the right. Thus, renal excretion of bicarbonate results in retention of H+, while reabsorbing bicarbonate will result in excretion of H+. Which nervous system contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions? D a. Central nervous system b. Peripheral nervous system c. Somatic nervous system d. Autonomic nervous system e. Sympathetic nervous system f. Parasympathetic nervous system If you were hiking in the woods and came across a mountain lion, which division of yournervous system would have increased activity? Explain your answer. The sympathetic nervous system would have increased activity as it is responsible for preparingour bodies to respond to stressful situations. This type of neuroglial cell allows fluid exchange between brain, spinal cord and cerebrospinalfluid. A a. Ependymal cell b. Oligodendrocyte c. Astrocyte d.