Clinical Reasoning (with complete solutions)

What is clinical reasoning? correct answers A complex cognitive process that uses formal & informal thinking strategies to gather & analyze pt information. What are the different types of reasoning models? correct answers - Hypothetico-deductive Decision-making - Algorithmic Decision-making - Pattern Recognition - Rule-Out-Worst-Case Scenario - Exhaustive Decision-making - Event-Driven Decision - Making What is the M/C method used? correct answers Hypothetico-deductive Decision-making method What is the Hypothetico-deductive Decision-making method? correct answers - Preliminary diagnosis is made on the basis of a series of inferences that can be falsified by a test and/or observation. - Working diagnosis is tested & refined as new data are discovered. - It is important for this hypothesis to be tested & verified/falsified. - Failure to change course as contradictory information is fathered can lead to misdiagnosis because of premature closure. What is premature closure in Hypothetico-deductive Decision-making method? correct answers One type of cognitive error in which the clinician fails to consider reasonable alternative diagnoses once initial diagnosis has been made. What is algorithmic decision making? correct answers - Series of steps is followed to simplify the decision-making process What is an example of an algorithmic decision making table? correct answers Could be chest pain pathways or pulmonary embolism diagnostic algorithms. Why is the algorithmic decision making NOT preferred? correct answers - Often too inflexible to cover all situations - One-size-fits-all approach to patients can lead to problems if pt presentation does not fit the algorithm. What is pattern recognition making? correct answers - Series of S/S are clumped together into a known grouping. - Often used by seasoned clinical with extensive clinical experience. What is pattern recognition subject to? correct answers - Premature closure & anchoring bias, in which physicians continue to stick with the original diagnosis despite conflicting data.