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Samenvatting H5 "Biology A Global Approach, Global Edition", tenth edition

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Een samenvatting van hoofdstuk 5 van "Biology A Global Approach" de tiende druk van de global edition. Dit hoofdstuk gaat over de belangrijkste macromoleculen in ons lichaam.

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Samenvatting H5:


 De belangrijkste groepen macromoleculen benoemen:

 Koolhydraten
- Typen koolhydraten:
 Monosacchariden (1 suiker molecuul = monomeer)
 Disachariden (2 gekoppelde suiker moleculen)
 Polysachariden (polymeer van veel suiker moleculen)

 Lipiden
- Macromoleculen, maar geen polymeren
- Hydrofoob: weinig affiniteit voor water
- Soorten:
 Vetten
 Fosfolipiden
 Steroïden = hormonen

 Eiwitten
- Monomeer: aminozuur
- Er zijn 20 verschillende aminozuren
- Eiwitten bestaan uit 1 of meer polymeren van aminozuren (polypeptiden)

 Nucleïne zuren
- DNA (deoxyribonucleïnezuur): erfelijk genetisch materiaal.
 1 chromosoom = 1 DNA molecuul (duizenden genen) mens  46 chromosomen.
- RNA (ribonucleïnezuur)
 Wordt afgeschreven van het DNA (transcriptie)
- In eukaryotische cel: DNA (in de kern)  mRNA (in de kern)  mRNA verplaatst  eiwit productie in
het cytoplasma
 De chemische opbouw van de verschillende macromoleculen beschrijven:

 Koolhydraten
- Typen koolhydraten:
 Monosachariden (1 suiker molecuul = monomeer)
 Variaties:
 3 tot 7 koolstof atomen
 Locatie carbonyl-groep: C=O
 Ketose vs. Aldose (zie plaatje)
 Oriëntatie hydroxylgroep: isoform
o Als de OH groep van het 1 na laatste koolstof
atoom (de anomerische C) aan de kant van

Connected book
 image
Neil A. Campbell, Lisa A. Urry Biology
Publisher: maart 2014 ISBN: 9781292008653 Edition: 10

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H5
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Summary
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