NURSING DL-F, Applied Nursing Research: Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Latest Verified Graded A+) FNU

NURSING DL-F, Applied Nursing Research: Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Latest Verified Graded A+) FNU. A nurse researcher tested two different head-of-bed elevations for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this 2-day trial, clients were randomly assigned to receive either the 30-degree elevation or the 45-degree elevation on the first day and the other elevation on the second day. What type of design was used? Selected Answer: D. Crossover Answers: A. Pretest–posttest B. Delay of treatment C. Factorial D. Crossover  Question 2 For which broad category of evidence-based practice (EBP) research questions is causality not an issue? Selected Answer: A. Prognosis Answers: A. Prognosis B. Etiology and harm C. Diagnosis and assessment D. Therapy  Question 3 What type of validity is emphasized in an effectiveness study? Selected Answer: A. External validity Answers: A. External validity B. Internal validity C. Construct validity D. Statistical conclusion validity  Question 4 A sample of both users and nonusers of electronic cigarettes is followed over a 10-year period to assess whether there were any long-term adverse effects. What type of design is this? Selected Answer: A. Prospective Answers: A. Prospective B. Time series C. Crossover D. Case-control  Question 5 Homogeneity is a principle that can be used to control extraneous variation from participant characteristics. What does homogeneity entail? Selected Answer: C. Not allowing important confounders to vary in the research sample Answers: A. Making the treatment conditions as homogeneous as possible B. Stratifying participants into homogeneous groups C. Not allowing important confounders to vary in the research sample D. Randomly assigning participants to homogeneous groups  Question 6 Researchers do not need to know in advance which extraneous variables need to be controlled if they use which procedure? Selected Answer: A. Randomization Answers: A. Randomization B. Statistical control C. Matching D. Stratifying  Question 7 A hypothetical condition embodying what would have happened to people if they were simultaneously exposed and not exposed to a cause is: Selected Answer: C. a counterfactual. Answers: A. a prognosis. B. an effect. C. a counterfactual. D. an etiology.  Question 8 There are several alternative strategies for controlling confounding participant characteristics. Which method is the most effective? Selected Answer: B. Randomization Answers: A. Blocking B. Randomization C. Homogeneity D. Matching  Question 9 What is the gold standard approach to analyzing data from a clinical trial when there is attrition from the study? Selected Answer: D. Intention-to-treat analysis Answers: A. Power analysis B. Analysis of covariance C. Per-protocol analysis D. Intention-to-treat analysis  Question 10 Which is a threat to the construct validity of a study testing an innovative intervention? Selected Answer: B. Novelty effects Answers: A. Testing effects B. Novelty effects C. History effects D. Instrumentation effects  Question 1 In a true experimental design, what does the researcher manipulate? Selected Answer: C. The independent variable Answers: A. The confounding variable B. The mediating variable C. The independent variable D. The dependent variable  Question 2 The success of randomization involves two factors, one of which is that the process is truly random. The second factor (strict adherence) can be enhanced through the use of: Selected Answer: B. allocation concealment. Answers: A. a table of random numbers. B. allocation concealment. C. complete randomization. D. simple randomization.  Question 3 In a crossover study, women with an overactive bladder were given either caffeinated beverages for a 2-week period or were told to drink non-caffeinated beverages exclusively for 2 weeks in randomized order of treatment. Regardless of treatment condition, the women in both groups reported less urgency of urinary voids than reported at baseline. Which effect might account for this? Selected Answer: C. Hawthorne effect Answers: A. Instrumentation effect B. Testing effect C. Hawthorne effect D. Compensatory effect  Question 4 Researchers do not need to know in advance which extraneous variables need to be controlled if they use which procedure? Selected Answer: A. Randomization Answers: A. Randomization B. Stratifying C. Matching D. Statistical control  Question 5 A researcher plans to test a fall-prevention intervention by gathering data in 10 sites, 5 of which will be implementing the intervention. If the 5 of the 10 sites are assigned at random to the intervention, what type of randomization is in use? Selected Answer: D. Cluster randomization Answers: A. Urn randomization B. Complete randomization C. Simple randomization D. Cluster randomization  Question 6 Nurse researchers randomly assigned 50 participants to be in a 3-month smoking cessation intervention and 50 to be in the control group. At the end of the study, there were 40 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Which threat to internal validity would be especially salient in this study? Selected Answer: B. Mortality Answers: A. Maturation B. Mortality C. Selection D. Temporal ambiguity  Question 7 Which threat is the most prominent to the internal validity of quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group designs? Selected Answer: A. Selection