ESL Certification Test Prep With Complete Solution 2023

ESL Certification Test Prep With Complete Solution 2023 Homonyms Words that have 2 or more meanings Homographs 2 words that have the same spelling and/or pronunciation but different meanings (bat/bat) Homophones 2 words that have the same pronunciation but different spelling and meanings (wood/would) Heteronyms 2 words that have the same spelling but have different pronunciations and meanings (Polish/polish) Orthography Writing words with the proper letters. The way in which the words of a language are spelled. Minimal Pairs A pair of words that are different only by a single sound (desk/disk, fan/van, sit/seat, wet/wait) Relative Pronouns Connects a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun (that, which, whose, who, whom) Possessive Pronouns Show ownership (mine, hers, his, yours, ours, theirs, my) Reflexive Pronouns When we refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause (end in -self or -selves: myself, herself, ourselves, themselves) Indefinite Pronouns Doesn't refer to any specific person, thing, or amount (all, another, any, anybody, few, many, one, some, several) 1981 Castaneda vs. Pickard Roy Castaneda vs. Raymondville ISD. Claimed RISD was discriminating against his kids because of their ethnicity. Courts established a 3-pronged test for evaluating programs serving ELL's (Castaneda Standard): 1. base programs on educational theory 2. implement programs 3. evaluate programs 1982 Plyler vs. Doe Undocumented children have the right to go to school 1974 Lau vs. Nichols Case by Chinese American students in San Fran who had LEP. Claimed they were not receiving special help due to inability to speak English. They said it violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Phonology (language systems) Study of the system and pattern of speech sounds of a language. Phoneme (language systems) A speech sound identified by a native speaker (phonemic awareness) Phonetics (language systems)