NU641 Week 2 Quiz Study Guide: Antihypertensive Agents

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulation causes: - Answer- vasoconstriction and an increased blood pressure Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockade results in: - Answer- vasodilation and reduced blood pressure The only alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocking drugs used to treat hypertension include: - Answer- prazosin and alfuzin What can occur with the first dose of an alpha-1 receptor blocking agent? - Answer- Orthostatic hypotension Beta adrenergic blocking agents: - Answer- propranolol, metoprolol, esmolol (short-acting), atenolol, nadolol Beta-1 adrenergic stimulation results in: - Answer- increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and increased cardiac output Beta-1 adrenergic blockade results in: - Answer- reduced heart rate, reduced blood pressure and reduced cardiac output Beta blocking agents include: - Answer- nonselective agents (e.g., propranolol) that block beta-2 receptors in the lungs Selective beta blockers block: - Answer- beta-1 receptors in the heart and vasculature What is not used in hypertensive emergencies and why? - Answer- Carvedilol- because it is an alpha and beta receptor blocker First-line therapy for hypertension include: - Answer- ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers Beta-blockers are not considered first-line therapy in hypertension because of: - Answer- increased morbidity and mortality Dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers: - Answer- amlodipine, nicardipine, isradipine, felodipine, nifedipine Non-DHP calcium channel blockers: - Answer- diltiazem, verapamil Calcium channel blockers reduce the amount of intracellular calcium, which reduces: - Answer- vascular rigidity and lowers blood pressure The 2014 Hypertension Guideline Management algorithm recommends a calcium channel blocker for: - Answer- black individuals who have normal renal function Calcium channel blocking agents are useful in hypertensive patients with: - Answer- underlying angina or diabetes Adverse effects of calcium channel blocking agents include: - Answer- first-degree AV block, dizziness, headache, constipation, and peripheral edema Dihydropyridine (DHP)-type calcium channel blockers can cause: - Answer- gingival hyperplasia and peripheral edema The DHP-type calcium channel blocker amlodipine causes: - Answer- the most peripheral edema, especially pedal edema; edema of the hands is also possible Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs): - Answer- lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril Important side effects of ACE inhibitors include: -