Exam (elaborations)
MNO3701- Exam Questions & Answers
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 50 pages for the course MNO3701 - Production And Operations Management at Unisa (Questions & Answers)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
reigntutorstc90
Content preview
Benchmarking is the process of learning from others. The activity of comparingmethods and/or performance with other processes in order to learn from
them and/or assess performance.
• Where a company’s operations practices (ways of doing things) are
benchmarked against those adopted by another operation – Practice
benchmarking
• Benchmarking between different levels of achieved performance in different
operations – Performance benchmarking
• Benchmarking between an operations and other operations in a different
organization – External benchmarking
• Benchmarking between operations or a part of operations in the same
organization – Internal benchmarking
Benchmarking is 'the process of learning from others' and involves comparing
one's own performance or methods against other comparable operations.
It is a broader issue than setting performance targets and includes
investigating other organisations’ operations practice in order to derive ideas
that could contribute to performance improvement.
Its rationale is based on the idea that
(a) Problems in managing processes are almost certainly shared by processes
elsewhere, and
(b) There is probably another operation somewhere that has developed a
better way of doing things.
Benchmarking is essentially about stimulating creativity in improvement
practice.
Internal benchmarking is a comparison between operations or parts of
operations which are within the same total organisation.
External benchmarking is a comparison between an operation and other
operations which are part of a different organisation.
, Non-competitive benchmarking is benchmarking against external
organisations which do not compete directly in the same markets.
Competitive benchmarking is a comparison directly between
competitors in the same, or similar, markets.
Performance benchmarking is a comparison between the levels of
achieved performance in different operations.
Practice benchmarking is a comparison between an organisation's
operations practices, or way of doing things, and those adopted by
another operation.
Benchmarking is the process of learning from others and involves comparing
one’s own performance or methods against other comparable organisations.
It’s a broader issue than setting performance targets and includes investigating
other organisations’ operations practise to derive ideas that could contribute
to performance improvement. Its rationale is based on the idea that
(a) Problems in managing processes are almost certainly shared by processes
elsewhere and
(b) There is probably another operation somewhere that has developed a
better way of doing things.
Practise benchmarking is a comparison between an organisation’s
operations practises and those adopted by another organisation.
Performance benchmarking is a comparison between the levels of
achieved performance in different operations.
External benchmarking is a comparison between an operation and other
operations in a different organisation
Internal benchmarking is a comparison between operations or parts of
operations which are within the same organisation.
,Loading is the amount of work that is allocated to a work centre. It is
important to note that even if a machine has e.g. 168 hours of work that can
be loaded onto the machine it doesn’t necessarily mean it can be loaded. For
some periods the machine cannot be worked, e.g. holidays and weekends and
this must be taken into consideration.
Sequencing is the activity within planning and control that decides on the
order which work is to be performed. The priorities given to work in an
operation are often determined by some predefined set of rules; certain
constraints must be taken into consideration, e.g. Physical – lighter dye to be
loaded prior to darker dye. Customer priority – an aggrieved client might need
to be processed prior to others. DD,LIFO,FIFO,LOT,SOT
Scheduling is a term used in planning and control to indicate the detailed
timetable of what work should be done, when it should be done and where it
should be done.
Monitoring and control which involve detecting what is happening in the
operation, replanning if necessary and intervening in order to impose new
plans. Two important types are ‘pull’ and ‘push’ control. Pull control is a
system whereby demand is triggered by requests from a work centres
(internal) customer. Push control is a centralised system whereby control (and
sometimes planning) decisions are issued to work centres which are then
required to perform the task and supply the next workstation. In
manufacturing, ‘pull’ schedules generally have far lower inventory levels than
‘push’ schedules.
o Planning and control require the reconciliation of supply and
demand in terms of
(a) Loading, which means determining the amount of work
allocated to the work centre.
(b) Sequencing, which means determining the order in
which work will be performed.
, (c) scheduling, which means deciding on detailed timetables
of start and finish dates
o loading
In working out the loading the difference between
maximum available time and valuable operating time (e.g.
of a machine) takes into consideration certain unavoidable
losses in time (public holidays, weekends, equipment idling,
set-up and changeover - planned times of unproductivity,
etc.) and avoidable losses in time (quality losses, slow
running equipment, breakdown, failure - unplanned times
of unproductivity, etc.) in well-run operations.
Finite loading is ``an approach which only allocates work to
a work centre up to a set limit'', which is the estimate of the
capacity of the work centre. Infinite loading is ``an approach
to loading work which does not limit accepting work, but
tries to cope with it''
o sequencing
When priorities are given to work in an operation, some
predefined set of rules may apply, or physical constraints
(physical nature of materials being processed) may
determine the priority. This predefined set of sequencing
rules includes:
Customer/client priority sequencing is when
important or aggrieved customers/clients are
processed prior to others, irrespective of the order of
arrival
DD sequencing is when work is sequenced according
to the due date for delivery, irrespective of the size of
each job or importance of the customer/client.
LIFO sequencing is when work is selected for practical
reasons, meaning those last in move out first.
With FIFO sequencing customers/clients are served as
they arrive - this is also known as first-come-first-
served.
LOT sequencing is when jobs that take the longest are
done first
SOT is usually when cash constrained operations do
the shortest jobs first to invoice, receive payment
quicker and improve cash £low
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller reigntutorstc90. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.04. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now