NU 629 Final Exam Question and answer 2023 verified

NU 629 Final Exam Question and answer 2023 verifiedLung Cancer -Asymptomatic adults aged 55-80 years who have a 30-pack year smoking history and currently smoking or have quit smoking within the past 15 years -The appropriate screening for lung cancer is with low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) -Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or ability to have curative lung surgery -Age, total exposure to tobacco smoke, and years since quitting smoking are important risk factors for lung cancer and are used to determine eligibility for screening -Surgical resection is the current standard for localized NSCLC. This cancer is treated with surgical resection and with radiation and chemotherapy. prostate cancer -Men 55-69 years PSA based screening is individual decision -Do not screen for prostate cancer for men 70 years old and older -Risk factors for prostate cancer include older age, African American race, family history or prostate cancer -Screening tools are PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and if elevated and patient experiencing symptoms patient may undergo a transrectal ultrasound guided core-needle biopsy of prostate to diagnose prostate cancer -Treatment options are removal of the prostate, radiation therapy, and active surveillance Adult Immunizations -Adults that are at risk for heart disease or stroke should receive influenza vaccine, Tdap vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, zoster vaccine. Strongly recommend vaccines that patient need for their specific conditions. -Healthcare providers should share risk, answer questions and vaccine safety concerns as well as be cognizant of precautions and contraindications for vaccine reactions -Vaccine storage and handling plays a role in the management of protecting individuals and communities from vaccine-preventable diseases. -All health care personnel who administer vaccines should receive competency on vaccine administration policies and procedures before administering vaccines. Review immunization history assess need for immunization, screen for contraindications, educate, prepare vaccine, administer vaccine, document vaccine. -Assess immunization status of your patients at every clinical encounter, stay up to date with CDC recommendations, and implement protocols and policies. Breast cancer -The USPSTF recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years Women with parent, sibling, or child with breast cancer are higher risk for breast cancer and thus may benefit more than average-risk women from beginning screening in their 40s -Conventional digital mammography has essentially replaced film mammography as the primary method for breast cancer screening in the United States -Risk factors include a family member that has had a history of breast cancer, race and ethnicity (white women). -Treatment for breast cancer is surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy, and radiation therapy. -Often a multidisciplinary approach from surgeons, medical oncologists and radiation oncologists. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) -The USPSTF recommends screening for cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21-29 years. -Women 30 to 65 years screening is recommended every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high risk HPV testing alone, or every 5 years with testing in combination with cytology -The USPSTF recommends against screening for cervical cancer in women who have had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix and do not have a history of high-grade precancerous lesion or cervical cancer -High-grade cervical lesions may be treated with excisional and ablative therapies. Early-stage cervical cancer may be treated with surgery (hysterectomy) or chemotherapy. -Screening with cervical cytology alone, primary testing for hrHPV alone, or both at the same time (cotesting) can detect high-grade precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer. ----Clinicians should focus on ensuring that women receive adequate screening, appropriate evaluation of abnormal results, and indicated treatment, regardless of which screening strategy is used. -HPV can cause cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulval cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and back of throat cancer, and the CDC recommends HPV vaccination at ages 11-12 years old to protect against these six potentiall types of cancer.