NURS 220 Patho I Final Questions With Complete Solutions

*Intro to Patho* What is pathophysiology? correct answer: study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings & the physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions in it's internal & external environ How is pathophysiology different from pathology & physiology? correct answer: - pathology = study of causes/effects of diseases - physiology = study of normal functions of living organisms & their parts What are the 4 components of pathophysiology? correct answer: 1. Etiology 2. Pathogenesis 3. Clinical Manifestations 4. Treatment 1. Etiology correct answer: study of causes/reasons for phenomenon, disease, & injury *often difficult to pinpoint bc of role of genetics & environ What is meant by idiopathic? Ex? correct answer: = disease/condition is of unknown cause ex: chronic fatigue What is meant by iatrogenic? Ex? correct answer: = disease/condition caused by unwanted or unintended medical intervention ex: hair loss caused by chemo therapy What is meant by risk factor? correct answer: = factor that when present incr the risk for disease 2. Pathogenesis correct answer: = development of disease from initial stimulus to expression of manifestations of the disease ex: direct effects of initiating event, physiological responses, & compensatory mechanisms 3. Clinical manifestations Signs, Symptoms, & Syndromes? correct answer: = signs & symptoms (S/Sx) - S = objective, observable manifestations of the disease - Symptoms = subjective feelings of abnormality - Syndrome = disorder that the etiology of S/Sx has not been determined for yet What are the specific stages of clinical manifestations? correct answer: latent period = from exposure to injurious agent to 1st appearance of S/Sx (aka incubation period for infectious disease) prodromal period (prodrome) = appearance of S/Sx & onset of disease manifest illness (acute phase) = disease at full intensity w most severe S/Sx - silent period(s) = when S/Sx ease/disappear before returning - subclinical stage = when pt functions normally even though disease processes are established convalescence = recovery after disease, injury, or operation Define sequela & complication correct answer: - s