Nations – people who identify themselves as a cohesive group based on shared values in society
Self-determination – belief that nations should decide how they are governed
Nation-state – a nation that rules itself in its own state and controls its own economy
Colonialism – used to be a sign of power and prestige for larger countries to rule over other
countries – known as colonialism or imperialism. Historically, ‘newly discovered’ countries
actually already existed, with indigenous populations who had their own governments, cultures
and economies e.g., the British Empire
Culturalism – (not progressive) that nationalism is based on shared cultural societal values.
People have an emotional connection with their country that draws them together – people
have a deeper, emotional tie to their country, whereas…
Civic nationalism – (progressive) is a belief you can become whatever nationality you want to
be (liberal nationalism). Civic nationalism emphasises the importance of shared civic values, a
sense of belonging, and participation in the political community rather than being based solely
on ethnic or cultural identity. In civic nationalism, the focus is on the shared commitment to a
set of civic values, such as democracy, equality, and the rule of law. It emphasises the idea that
individuals can become members of a nation by embracing and adhering to these values,
regardless of their ethnic or cultural backgrounds.
Volksgeist – the unique identity of a people based on their culture. A belief that the people are
the root of a national culture and possesses a special nature; there is a special spirit that binds
people together and it can be variously based on language, culture, shared history and more.
This is clearly an irrational, exclusive and regressive form of nationalism as it takes time to be
part of the nation and it does not promote mutual rights of each individual to be part of
whichever nation they want
Racialism – humankind can be meaningfully divided into separate ‘races’, which each possess
different natures
Internationalism – the world should unite across boundaries to advance their common
interests in society. Liberalism nationalism is the idea that sovereign nationals should co-
operate and create a level of interdependency to avoid international conflict. Socialist
internationalism is the idea that class solidarity is more powerful and politically significant than
national identity
Integral nationalism – an intense, hysterical form of nationalism in which the individual is
absorbed into the nation (expansionist)
Self-determination – belief that nations should decide how they are governed
Nation-state – a nation that rules itself in its own state and controls its own economy
Colonialism – used to be a sign of power and prestige for larger countries to rule over other
countries – known as colonialism or imperialism. Historically, ‘newly discovered’ countries
actually already existed, with indigenous populations who had their own governments, cultures
and economies e.g., the British Empire
Culturalism – (not progressive) that nationalism is based on shared cultural societal values.
People have an emotional connection with their country that draws them together – people
have a deeper, emotional tie to their country, whereas…
Civic nationalism – (progressive) is a belief you can become whatever nationality you want to
be (liberal nationalism). Civic nationalism emphasises the importance of shared civic values, a
sense of belonging, and participation in the political community rather than being based solely
on ethnic or cultural identity. In civic nationalism, the focus is on the shared commitment to a
set of civic values, such as democracy, equality, and the rule of law. It emphasises the idea that
individuals can become members of a nation by embracing and adhering to these values,
regardless of their ethnic or cultural backgrounds.
Volksgeist – the unique identity of a people based on their culture. A belief that the people are
the root of a national culture and possesses a special nature; there is a special spirit that binds
people together and it can be variously based on language, culture, shared history and more.
This is clearly an irrational, exclusive and regressive form of nationalism as it takes time to be
part of the nation and it does not promote mutual rights of each individual to be part of
whichever nation they want
Racialism – humankind can be meaningfully divided into separate ‘races’, which each possess
different natures
Internationalism – the world should unite across boundaries to advance their common
interests in society. Liberalism nationalism is the idea that sovereign nationals should co-
operate and create a level of interdependency to avoid international conflict. Socialist
internationalism is the idea that class solidarity is more powerful and politically significant than
national identity
Integral nationalism – an intense, hysterical form of nationalism in which the individual is
absorbed into the nation (expansionist)
