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François Truffaut: Les 400 coups A LEVEL REVISION NOTES

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François Truffaut: Les 400 coups; A LEVEL REVISION NOTES

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A LEVEL FRENCH




François Truffaut: Les 400 coups

Bullet point revision notes
 The school is a general place of repression of individuality. Lessons consist of uninspiring rote
learning and pointless exercises. The routine is regimented. It is also a place of repression for
Antoine. The film opens in the classroom, Antoine is immediately punished for a misdemeanour.

 The home is also a centre of repression for Antoine. His mother shows him no affection. We
learn later that she did not want him. He is a nuisance to her. His mother tries to get rid of
Antoine as much as possible. At home she treats him as a servant. He is forced to do the
housework, to run errands, put out the garbage etc.

 When Antoine is arrested trying to replace the typewriter they have stolen he is taken to the
police station and treated like an adult prisoner. He is put in a cage with others. He has his
fingerprints and mug shots taken. In a police van he looks forlornly out of a barred back window.

 The Centre d’Observation for delinquants is also run like a regimented prison. Immediately we
see an escapee being returned by the police, he has at least enjoyed 5 days freedom. Corporal
punishment is rife. Antoine has to tell his story to a psychologist. He manages to escape whilst
taking part in a football match.

Principal Examiner Top Tip

“The introduction of the essay should be short and relevant to the question set.
Indeed, the core of the candidate’s argument might be stated in a single sentence.
A preamble giving background information about the film is not necessary.
Candidates, who write long introductions giving information, for example about
the cast, the director, the author, the historical context (unless relevant), or the date
the film was released are merely wasting both time and words. Candidates should
also resist the urge to use a pre-learnt paragraph for their introduction. A good
approach for candidates to take whilst writing their essay during the examination
(and when writing essays in class or for homework) would be to regularly refer

, back to their introduction to check that what they are writing in their essay is
exactly what they have said they would do in their introduction.”




Constitués pour une part des souvenirs de son réalisateur, Les Quatre cents
coups proposèrent en leur temps un regard neuf sur l’enfance. Jusqu’ici, l’enfant était
plus ou moins enfermé dans le regard de l’adulte, rarement au centre de l’image et
souvent détail de l’intrigue. Les rôles marquants furent rares avant que le cinéma
n’entre dans la modernité dans les années 1960, osant alors une approche plus
complexe.

Nous suivons donc Antoine Doinel, alter-ego de Truffaut, à l’école et à la maison. Pas
maltraité, ni vraiment aimé, Antoine n’est pas non plus vraiment malheureux. Il tente
juste, au coup par coup, de faire face à l’incompréhension de ses parents ou l’injustice
de ses maîtres. Mais il ne s’en sort pas, fuguant pour être libre, trichant pour être aimé
ou volant pour être autonome. Le changement de focale opéré par Truffaut consiste à
ne pas minorer les difficultés que son héros doit affronter. Ne pas avoir de mot d’excuse
avant d’aller en classe est angoissant. L’ivresse d’une fugue dans Paris est proche de
la joie. Une gifle peut faire très mal. Il fallait un nouveau visage, une autre façon
d’incarner un enfant qui soit en harmonie avec cette approche. J-P. Léaud amène un
jeu défiant les standards de la justesse et une neutralité de ton qui laisse toute liberté
d’interprétation au spectateur.

Les enfants des Quatre cents Coups n’ont pas un réel besoin matériel des adultes, ils
peuvent se débrouiller sans eux. Mais tous souffrent d’un manque de considération, et
même d’affection. Le dernier regard d’Antoine à la caméra nous interpelle encore
aujourd’hui. Il gardera cette force tant qu’existeront des zones d’incompréhension entre
adultes et enfants.

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