NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Solutuon

NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Solutuon Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-there is hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange Right to left shunting - ANSWER-when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion Causes of bronchitis - ANSWER--long term exposure to environmental irritants -repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy) -Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth) Pathogenesis of bronchitis - ANSWER--Exposure to airborne irritants - Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion - Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria Most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANSWER-tobacco product smoke What does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANSWER-- smooth muscle hypertrophy - Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells - Epithelial cell metaplasia - Migration of more WBC to site - Thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane