Biod210

What are deleterious genes and list one example - Answer alleles whose phenotype results in significantly reduced fitness of an animal; Dexter cattle - short legs Genetics - Answer The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation. Gregor Mendel is often referred to as - Answer "Father of Genetics" What plant did Gregor Mendel study? - Answer peas Why was Mendel more successful than other researchers? (what were they looking for or at differently) - Answer 1. Picked easy organism to experiment 2. Picked plant that was diploid 3. Picked traits that were simply inherited 4. Mendel looked at traits separately Define genetic improvement and list 3 examples - Answer The betterment of an organism; 1. bigger 2. smaller 3. faster 4. hairless 5. quicker weight gain Who created the term "genetics?' - Answer William Batesone What is a chromosome? - Answer a DNA molecule composed of RNA and proteins to form a threadlike structure; only visible during meiosis and mitosis (contains the genes) What is located on a chromosome? - Answer genes What is the appearance of the structure of a DNA strand? - Answer double helix Define DNA - Answer Genetic material makes up a gene and then makes up a chromosome List the bases that make up DNA - Answer Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine What DNA bases are paired together? - Answer Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait Cattle - Answer Dominant - polled Recessive - horned List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait Chickens - Answer Dominant - feathered shanks Recessive - clean shanks List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait Horses - Answer Dominant - smooth hair Recessive - curly hair List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait Dogs - Answer Dominant - wire hair Recessive - smooth hair List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait Cats - Answer Dominant - short hair Recessive - long hair List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait Tomato - Answer Dominant - small fruit Recessive - large fruit List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel studied: