Prostate Cancer Quiz Questions with Complete Answers

Differentiation - -Normal process that occurs during cell cycles that help cells to specialize -some of these alterations are helpful but in other cases that cells mutate and may become cancerous Cell cycle - -4 phases of cell growth and development -is controlled by cyclins which combine with and activate enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases -some cyclins stop the cycle from proceeding and can result in the rapid proliferation of immature cells- in some cases these cells are considered cancerous Mitosis - -process of making new cells that occurs in the Somatic cells (tissues) Meiosis - -only occurs in the sex cells of the testes and ovaries Hyperplasia - -An increase in the number of density of normal cells - under normal DNA control -potentially reversible Metaplasia - - Cells differentiate into cell types not normally found at that location of the body -a protective response to adverse conditions often due to inflammation -can be reversible when stressor goes away (quit smoking) -potentially reversible Dysplasia - -Occur in response to adverse conditions -abnormal variant in size shape and appearance (cervix-HPV virus) -potentially reversible Anaplasia - -May occur in response to overwhelmingly destructive conditions inside the cell or surrounding tissue and is often associated with malignancies and used to grade the aggressiveness of the cancer cell -not reversible prostate cancer - -most common cancer in men -95% of prostate tumors are adenocarcinomas that grow on the outer portion of the gland -slow growing and spread in predictable pattern -sites of metastasis; nodes, bones (sacrum, pelvis), lungs, liver -most common cause of pain is metastasis to the spine usually thoracic -less incidence in asian countries and native americans Risk factors of PC - -age 1 in 8 over age 60 -diet high in animal fat (red meats) and Vit A -viruses -vitamin D and E dificiencies -genetic factors -15% of men with prostate cancer have a 1st degree relative with it -race- african american have a higher incidence and at a younger age (60% higher then in white) -having a vasectomy - increase risk Annual digital rectal exam (DRE) - -age 50- all men -age 45 - African american and any man with 1st degree relative with prostate cancer -age 40 - two or more 1st degree relatives with prostate cancer