Chemistry Final ACS Exam Questions and Answers.
Accuracy?
The closeness of measurements to the TRUE VALUE of what is being measured
Precision?
The closeness of a SET of measurements
How do you calculate Percent Error?
I experimental-accepted I
____________________ x 100
accepted value
Are zeros in front of non-zero digits significant?
Nope!
ex: 0.0071 is only 2 sig figs
Are zeros at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal significant?
Yep!
ex: 9.100 is 4 sig figs
Addition/Subtraction in regards to sig figs?
Round numbers to the least number of decimal places
Multiplication/Division in regards to sig figs?
Round answers to the least amount of sig figs
# of e- equal
the # of p+
Atomic Mass?
Number of protons in the nucleus (number on the left bottom corner of the chemical symbol)
Atomic Mass Number?
Number of protons and neutrons (number on the left upper corner of the chemical symbol)
Isotope?
Atoms of the same element, but with different masses (different numbers of neutrons)
STUDY ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS
STUDY ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS
Do columns or rows in the Periodic Table have similar patterns?
Columns (the "groups") have repeating patterns?
Which area of the Periodic Table has greater metallicness?
Left and down has greater metallicness
Which area of the PT has greater atomic size?
Left and down has a greater atomic size
Which area of the PT has greater ionization energy?
Right side and up has greater ionization energy
Which area of the PT has greater electronegativity?
Right side and up has greater electronegativiy, except the Noble Gases of 0 electronegativity
, Ionic Bonding?
Metal and a nonmetal. Give/take electrons
Covalent bonding?
Nonmetal and a nonmetal. Share electrons.
VSEPR Theory?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
aka Valence e- pairs stay as far apart as possible
How do you determine polarity?
Use the chart that has electronegativity values, then subtract the elements in the compound from
each other.
Is water polar?
Yes!
Combination Reaction?
A + B --> AB
Decomposition Reaction?
AB --> A + B
Single Replacement Reaction?
AB + C --> AC + B
Double Replacement Reaction?
AB + CD --> AD + CB
Combustion Reaction?
C + H + O --> H2O + CO2 always
Avogadro's Number?
6.022 x 10^23 particles = 1 mole
Molar Mass?
gram/mole
Mole to Volume?
1 mole = 22.4 L
Empirical Formula vs Molecular Formula?
Molecular = the actual number of atoms in a compound
Empirical = basic ratio, smallest whole numbers of atoms in a compound
Percent Composition?
Mass element/mass compound x 100
Limiting Reactant?
The reactant which runs out first...meaning it limits how much product can be made
ex: If there's 1 mole of NaOH and 2 moles of HCl, NaOH is the limiting reactant, because it is
used up (only 1 mole)
Which state of matter has the greatest Kinetic Energy?
Gas has the greatest KE, because the particles are far apart and moving fast
What are the three types of Intermolecular Forces?
Accuracy?
The closeness of measurements to the TRUE VALUE of what is being measured
Precision?
The closeness of a SET of measurements
How do you calculate Percent Error?
I experimental-accepted I
____________________ x 100
accepted value
Are zeros in front of non-zero digits significant?
Nope!
ex: 0.0071 is only 2 sig figs
Are zeros at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal significant?
Yep!
ex: 9.100 is 4 sig figs
Addition/Subtraction in regards to sig figs?
Round numbers to the least number of decimal places
Multiplication/Division in regards to sig figs?
Round answers to the least amount of sig figs
# of e- equal
the # of p+
Atomic Mass?
Number of protons in the nucleus (number on the left bottom corner of the chemical symbol)
Atomic Mass Number?
Number of protons and neutrons (number on the left upper corner of the chemical symbol)
Isotope?
Atoms of the same element, but with different masses (different numbers of neutrons)
STUDY ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS
STUDY ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS
Do columns or rows in the Periodic Table have similar patterns?
Columns (the "groups") have repeating patterns?
Which area of the Periodic Table has greater metallicness?
Left and down has greater metallicness
Which area of the PT has greater atomic size?
Left and down has a greater atomic size
Which area of the PT has greater ionization energy?
Right side and up has greater ionization energy
Which area of the PT has greater electronegativity?
Right side and up has greater electronegativiy, except the Noble Gases of 0 electronegativity
, Ionic Bonding?
Metal and a nonmetal. Give/take electrons
Covalent bonding?
Nonmetal and a nonmetal. Share electrons.
VSEPR Theory?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
aka Valence e- pairs stay as far apart as possible
How do you determine polarity?
Use the chart that has electronegativity values, then subtract the elements in the compound from
each other.
Is water polar?
Yes!
Combination Reaction?
A + B --> AB
Decomposition Reaction?
AB --> A + B
Single Replacement Reaction?
AB + C --> AC + B
Double Replacement Reaction?
AB + CD --> AD + CB
Combustion Reaction?
C + H + O --> H2O + CO2 always
Avogadro's Number?
6.022 x 10^23 particles = 1 mole
Molar Mass?
gram/mole
Mole to Volume?
1 mole = 22.4 L
Empirical Formula vs Molecular Formula?
Molecular = the actual number of atoms in a compound
Empirical = basic ratio, smallest whole numbers of atoms in a compound
Percent Composition?
Mass element/mass compound x 100
Limiting Reactant?
The reactant which runs out first...meaning it limits how much product can be made
ex: If there's 1 mole of NaOH and 2 moles of HCl, NaOH is the limiting reactant, because it is
used up (only 1 mole)
Which state of matter has the greatest Kinetic Energy?
Gas has the greatest KE, because the particles are far apart and moving fast
What are the three types of Intermolecular Forces?
