Immunology- HMX Test Questions With All Correct Answers

Immunology- HMX Test Questions With All Correct Answers microbes - CORRECT ANSWER virus, bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasite commensal microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER a microorganism that habitually lives on or in the human body; one that normally causes no disease or harm and can be beneficial Circulating leukocytes - CORRECT ANSWER neutrophils, monocytes tissue-resident sentinel cells - CORRECT ANSWER macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells -release pro-inflammatory cytokines -all have innate receptors Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER have innate immune receptors, activation leads to internalization of microbe and receptor; short life span, die by apoptosis; most abundant WBC monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER turn into macrophages in tissue that can eat dead cells and neutrophils dendritic cell - CORRECT ANSWER -antigen presenting cell -secrete cytokines after microbe binds to innate receptor mast cell - CORRECT ANSWER degranulate and release inflammatory mediators like histmine -important in allergy Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER phagocytize foreign substances, secrete cytokines, eat neutrophils leukocytes - CORRECT ANSWER Known as white blood cells (WBCs), there are five kinds in two groups: granulocytes & agranulocytes Lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER NK, T cells, b cells -originate from common lymphoid progenitor innate immunity characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER react quickly, in same exact way for repeat infection, present before infection -cause inflammation -limited number of microbes it can respond to adaptive immunity characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -specific -systemic-travel continuously through body -has memory -late responders -response due to recognition of a specific antigen Process of innate inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER 1. mirobes enter tissue and sentinel cells recognize and bind, release cytokines 2. cytokines bind to endothelium and increase expressing of adhesion molecules on lumen side 3. circulating leukocytes attach to adhesion molecules and are released into tissue 4. phagocytic cells kill 5. homeostasis restored Neutrophil-Endothelium Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER -ICAM-1 on endo binds to LFA-1 on neutrophil=stable arrest -E-selection on endo binds to e-selectin ligand on neutrophil=lower affinity, rolling adhesion molecules on endothelium - CORRECT ANSWER ICAM-1 and E-selection adhesion molecule ligands on leukocytes - CORRECT ANSWER LFA-1 and e-selectin ligand