Nurs 611 Maryville Exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2022

Nurs 611 Maryville Exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2022Influence cell damage by giving up electron causing chemical injury to the cell membrane free radical These are also considered Reactive Oxygen Species Free radicals during cell injury ____ ____ cause enzymatic digestion of the ________ & ________ which Halts what? nucleus, nucleolus, lysosomal leaking, synthesis of the DNA How does HYPERKALEMIA affect CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY? Hypopolarization of the cardiac cells What is the pathophysiology in cardiac rhythm caused by HYPERKALEMIA Hypopolarization What 3 things influence the Calcium/Phosphate balance? parathyroid hormone, calcitonine, vit d What is the most common type of pathological hyperplasia? endometrial What is the most common type of compensatory hyperplasia liver regeneration What type of CELLULAR ADAPTATION occurs in the LUNGS induced by irritant such as smoking METAPLASIA the replacement of normal columnar cells with ciliated cells in the BRONCHIAL LINING how is INSULIN used to treat HYPERKALEMIA Insulin carries K+ along with glucose from the blood into the cells What is the major cause of hypocalcemia in anemic patients massive blood administration / blood transfusions Two main causes of hyperkalemia renal failure, Addison's disease What autosomal dominant disease has an age dependent penetrance? Huntington's chorea 5% of Breast cancer is what type of autosomal disease Dominant What are the 2 genes responsible for 5% of breast cancers BRCA1, BRCA2 If you inherent BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 what is the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer 50 - 80% If you have a 1st degree relative with breast cancer your risk for devloping it _________ doubles what is the pattern of a trait that represents the % of those who have a genotype and also exhibit the expected phenotype Penetrance What is the #1 deadly disease in white childress and is autosomal ______ Cystic fibrosis, recessive DNA sequence mutation is NOT _______ whereas ______ ______ is reversable, epigenic modification is Epigenetic modification is caused by? diet and enviroment Hypermethylation of mRNA and miRNA Inactivates transcription of DNA and causes an ______ ______ resulting in ________ over expression, metastasis Genetic process for asthma to develop and change the bronchial lining in only one identical twin is due to Epigenetic modification Methylation A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed. What is the measurement used to calculate the NUMBER OF NEW cases of a diseases during a certain period divided by the # in the population INcidence rate