Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis questions with correct answers

Indications for Dialysis - Answer CKD Stage IV (CrCl /= 30mL/min) Clinical criteria for initiation - Answer - Persistent anorexia, vomiting, nausea - fatigue - Declining serum albumin concentrations (fluid balance) - Uncontrolled HTN, HF - Neurologic deficits - Pruritus (accumulation of toxic metabolites) Laboratory criteria for initiation - Answer - CrCl 15mL/min - IDEAL (Initiating Dialysis Early and Late): no difference in all-cause mortality between initiation with GFR 10-14mL/min vs. GFR 5-7mL/min Hemodialysis (HD) - Answer blood and physiologic solution passing on opposite sides of semipermeable membrane Diffusion - Answer movement of solutes down concentration gradient Ultrafiltration - Answer movement of water across dialyzer membrane as a result of hydrostatic or osmotic pressures Convection - Answer removal of solutes as they are "dragged" across a membrane with fluid transport (if the pores in the dialyzer are large enough to all