Certified Paraoptometric Anatomy Exam Questions and Answers 2023

Anterior Chamber - Answer- behind the cornea, in front of the iris. Filled with clear watery fluid Aqueous Humor - Answer- clear watery fluid produced by ciliary body. provides nutrients for lens and posterior cornea, carries away waste. maintains ocular pressure Choroid - Answer- blood vessels that nourish the retina. between the sclera and retina Ciliary Muscle - Answer- muscle that alters the shape of crystalline lens. Has direct control of focusing ability Conjunctiva - Answer- clear, cellophane like tissue covers sclera and inside surface of lids. Palpebral Conjunctiva - Answer- lines lids Bulbar Conjunctiva - Answer- covers sclera Cornea - Answer- clear, transparent tissue on very front of eye. most powerful refractive media. provides ability to focus on light. Avascular (has no blood vessels) 5 Layers of Cornea - Answer- Front to Back: 1) Epithelium 2) Bowman's layer 3) Stroma 4) Descenet's membrane 5) Endothelium Limbus - Answer- junction of sclera and cornea Crystalline Lens - Answer- Provides focusing power. the 2nd most powerful refractive medium Medial Rectus - Answer- most powerful extraocular muscle. turns eye toward the nose (adduction) Inferior Rectus - Answer- turns eye downward (depresssion). also adducts. can rotate top of eye toward the temple and bottom of the eye towards the nose (extorsion) Lateral Rectus - Answer- moves eye away from nose (abduction) Superior Rectus - Answer- moves eye upwards (elevation). Also adducts. Rotates top of eye toward nose and bottom of eye toward temple (intorsion) Superior Oblique - Answer- Primary role is intorsion. Also depression and abduction Inferior Oblique - Answer- only extraocular muscle that's origin is at front of orbit. Primary role is extorsion. Also elevation and abductino Fovea Centralis - Answer- In macula (approx. 1.5 mm in diameter) where visual acuity is sharpest. Contains highest number of cones which are responsible for daytime and color vision Fundus - Answer- interior surface of eyeball Iris - Answer- colored part of the eye. hole in the middle is pupil. Iris sphincter and dilator muscles control size of pupil for max visual performance Lens - Answer- resilient, transparent structure that focuses light by changes of curvature of front surface. Directly behind the pupil. Macula - Answer- central part