NYU HAP Exam 1 Exam Questions and Answers 2023

The nurse notices a colleague is preparing to check the blood pressure of a patient who is sitting with his legs crossed. The nurse knows that this will: a. yield a falsely low blood pressure. b. have no effect on the blood pressure reading. c. produces an auscultatory gap. d. yield a falsely high blood pressure. - Answer- D (Blood pressure increases when legs are crossed and care should be taken to ensure that feet are flat on the floor to avoid a *false high blood pressure.) Which activity illustrates the concept of *primary prevention*? a. exercising three times a week b. monthly breast self-examination c. education about living with asthma d. colonoscopy after age of 50 - Answer- A (a primary prevention aimed at preventing the individual from developing an illness.) A 75- y/o man reports he stopped playing cards with his friends because, over time, he noticed their voices began to sound mumbled. How does the nurse explain the possible cause of this change? a. sudden low-frequency hearing loss b. damage to the middle ear from ear infections c. gradual high-frequency hearing loss d. lack of earwax in the outer ear - Answer- C (High-frequency hearing loss, or *presbycusis*, can occur as we age. It involves problems w]usually with discerning certain constant sounds like F, S, T and Z. Vowels are easier to hear for a person with high-frequency loss. Not being able to hear certain letter sounds may make speech sound mumbled. Older adults can become disheartened or frustrated when not being able to make out speech adequately and can become withdrawn. The issue is not related to a low-frequency hearing loss, lack of earwax, or ear infections.) A nurse is assessing a patient who complains of "awful" hip pain after suffering a fracture and rates it as a 9 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which of the following physiologic signs may accompany acute pain? (Select all that apply) a. depression b. tachycardia c. increased blood pressure d. loss of weight and appetite - Answer- CB (Tachycardia and increased bp are associated with the sympathetic nervous system response that occurs in acute pain. Depression and loss of appetite are more associated with chronic pain.) A patient is describing his symptoms to the nurse. Which of these statements reflects a description of the aggravating factors for his symptoms? a. "It is a sharp, burning pain in my stomach." b. "When I sit down to use the computer, it gets worse." c. "I think this pain is telling me that something bad is wrong with me." d. "I also have the sweats and nausea when I feel this pain." - Answer- B (Aggravating factors are things the patient does or that happen to the patient that make the symptom worse or more pronounced. This answer is the only one that was *associated with a symptom.*) A patient drifts off to sleep when she is not being stimulated. The nurse can arouse her easily when calling her name, but she remains drowsy during the conversation. The best description of this patient's level of consciousness would be: a. semialert b. obtunded c. stuporous d. lethargic - Answer- D (When a patient is lethargic, they may be drowsy but awaken easily to stimulation. They can answer questions and follow commands. A patient who is obtunded is difficult to arouse and needs constant stimulation in order to keep them awake. They may answer basic, direct questions. Wen a patient is stuporous, they require vigorous stimulation to arouse and will not be able to answer questions to follow commands. Semialert is not a term used in a mental health assessment.) During shift report, a nurse learns that a patient has a *macular rash*. As the nurse inspects the patient's skin, what finding will confirm the rash? a. elevated, firm, well-defined lesions less than 1 cm in diameter b. depressed, firm, or scaly, rough lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter. c. flat, well-defined, small lesions less than 1 cm in diameter d. elevated fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm in diameter - Answer- C (A macule is a lesion that is flat, circumscribed, less than 1cm. An elevated lesion would be a *papule*. An elevated, fluid-filled lesion is a vesicle.) When assessing the severity of a patient's pain, which question by the nurse is appropriate? a. "What makes your pain better or worse?" b. "How much pain do you have now?" c. "how does pain limit your activities?" d. "What does your pain feel like?" - Answer- B (In rating the severity of the pain, you want to determine how strong or intense it is. The nurse can ask them how much pain they are having often using some type of rating scale.) When taking a temperature, the nurse understands that which route would yield the highest temperature? a. axillary b. oral c. rectal d. tympanic - Answer- C The nurse is examining a patient who came in for sore throat. The tonsils appear red and swollen and are touching each other. How would the nurse grade the tonsils? a. 1+ b. 2+ c. 3+ d. 4+ - Answer- D A patient's vision is recorded as 20/50 when the Snellen eye chart is used. The nurse interprets these results to indicate that: a. at 50 feet the patient can read the entire chart. b. the patient can read at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can read at 50 feet. c. the patient can read the chart from 20 feet in the left eye and 50 feet in the right eye. d. the patient can read from 50 feet what a person with normal vision can read from 250 feet. - Answer- B In an interview, the nurse may find it necessary to take notes to aid his or her memory later. A competent nurse understands that note-taking: a. allows the nurse to break eye contact with the patient b. may impede the nurse's observation of the patient's nonverbal behaviors. c. allows the patient to continue at his or her own pace as the nurse records everything that is said. d. allows the nurse to shift attention away from the patient, resulting in increased comfort level. - Answer- B The nurse is checking for mobility and turgor in a patient with severe, non-pitting edema. The nurse will most likely note which finding? a. decreased mobility b. increased mobility c. decreased turgor d. increased turgor - Answer- A (Mobility relates to how well you can pinch and lift the skin. In a patient with *severe edema*, it will be difficult to pinch and lift the skin, thus there is decreased mobility. Turgor relates to how well skin goes back into place and decreased turgor would be seen in someone with severe dehydration.) Which of these responses might the nurse expect during a functional assessment of the health history for a patient whose leg is in a cast? a. "I'm able to transfer myself from the wheelchair to the bed without help." b. "I check the color of my toes every evening just like I was taught." c. "The pain is decreasing, but I still need to take acetaminophen." d. "I broke my right leg in a car accident two weeks ago." - Answer- A (Functional assessment has to do with activities of daily living, such as transferring, mobility, bathing, feeding, etc.) With the exception of an abdominal assessment, which is the correct order of assessment techniques for each body system? a. inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation b. palpation, inspection, percussion, auscultation c. auscultation, inspection, percussion, palpation d. inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation - Answer- D cranial nerve 1 - Answer- olfactory cranial nerve 2 - Answer- optic cranial nerve 3 - Answer- Oculomotor cranial nerve 4 - Answer- Trochlear cranial nerve 5 - Answer- Trigeminal cranial nerve 6 - Answer- Abducens cranial nerve 7 - Answer- Facial cranial nerve 8 - Answer- Vestibulocochlear (whispered voice test) cranial nerve 9 - Answer- Glossopharyngeal (gag, swallowing) cranial nerve 10 - Answer- vagus (say ahh) cranial nerve 11 - Answer- spinal accessory cranial nerve 12 - Answer- Hypoglossal (stick tongue out) A student nurse is taking public transportation home after clinical. When she sees a friend, she immediately takes a seat next to her and begins a conversation, saying, "You know that older man who lives in the apartment next to you? Well, I took care of him today in the hospital". The student nurse is not respecting which of the following principles? A.Benevolence B.Veracity C.Fidelity D. Confidentiality - Answer- D. confidentiality When recording information for the review of systems, the interviewer must document: A. "negative" under the system heading. B. physical findings, such as skin appearance, to support historic data. C. objective data that supports the history of present illness. D. the presence or absence of all symptoms under the system heading. - Answer- D. the presence or absence of all symptoms under the system heading The nurse is conducting a heath history on an adult client. Which technique can facilitate open communication between the client and the nurse? A. Sit on the stretcher next to the patient. B. Stand about 2 feet away from the patient's stretcher. C. Stand about 12 feet away from the patient's stretcher. D. Sit on a chair that is 4 feet away from the patient's stretcher. - Answer- D. sit on a chair that is 4 feet away from the patient's stretcher Which phase of the interview uses communication techniques to collect health data? A. Beginning phase B. Preinteraction Phase C. Closing phase D. Working phase - Answer- D. Working phase OLDCARTS is a mnemonic that helps the clinician to remember to address characteristics specific to: A. severity of dementia. B. the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). C. substance use and abuse. D. symptoms. - Answer- D. symptoms The most appropriate introduction to use to start an interview with an older adult patient is: A. "Because so many people have already asked you questions, I will just get the information from the chart." B. "Mr. Jones, I am going to ask you some questions about your health so that we can plan your care." C. "David, I am here to ask you questions about your illness; we want to determine what is wrong." D. "Mr. Jones, is it okay if I ask you some quick questions this morning about your health?" - Answer- B. "Mr. Jones, I am going to ask you some questions about your health so that we can plan your care." The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following responses from the nurse is appropriate? A. "Tell me how you feel about having surgery." B. "If I were you, I would have the surgery." C. "Why did you wait so long to make an appointment?" D. "That is exactly how I would feel." - Answer- A. "Tell me how you feel about having surgery" A patient seeks care for "debilitating headaches that cause excessive absences at work." On further exploration, the nurse asks, "What makes the headaches worse?" With this question, the nurse is seeking information about: A. the nature or character of the headache. B. relieving (alleviating) factors. C. the patient's perception of pain. D. aggravating factors. - Answer- D. aggravating factors Spirituality is defined as: A. a personal effort to find meaning and purpose in life. B. a social group that claims to possess variable traits. C. the process of being raised within a culture. D. participating in religious services on a regular basis. - Answer- A. personal effort to find meaning and purpose in life What is one way nurses use critical thinking in regard to the nursing process? A. Critical thinking helps nurses decide which parts of the nursing process are not needed in regard to a particular client B. Critical thinking helps nurses work through the analysis, develop alternatives, and implement the best interventions C. Critical thinking allows nurses to make decisions regarding client care without involving the client in decisions. D. Nurses do not need to think critically; they just need to follow orders - Answer- B. Critical thinking helps nurses work through the analysis, develop alternatives, and implement the best interventions To perform an accurate assessment of heart rate, the examiner can do which of the following? Select all that apply A. Count the radial pulse for 30 seconds, if the pulse is regular, and multiply by two. B. If irregular, palpate the radial pulse and count beats for 1 minute. C. Count the radial pulse for 2 full minutes if the pulse is irregular. D. Count the radial pulse for 15 seco