Introduction to Statistics

Introduction to Statistics Questions And Answers 2023. Define Data as used in statistics. Correct Answer: collections of observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) Define Statistics Correct Answer: is the science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data Define Population Correct Answer: the complete collection of all individuals (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied; the collection is complete in the sense that it includes all of the individuals to be studied Define the term Census. Correct Answer: Collection of data from every member of a population Define a Sample Correct Answer: Sub-collection of members selected from a population Sample data must be? Correct Answer: Random Context Correct Answer: What do the values represent? Where did the data come from? Why were they collected? An understanding of the context will directly affect the statistical procedure used. Factors to consider when choosing a Source of data Correct Answer: Is the source objective? Is the source biased? Is there some incentive to distort or spin results to support some self-serving position? Is there something to gain or lose by distorting results? Be vigilant and skeptical of studies from sources that may be biased. Factors to consider when choosing a Sampling Method Correct Answer: Does the method chosen greatly influence the validity of the conclusion? Voluntary response (or self-selected) samples often have a bias (those with special interests are more likely to participate). These samples' results are not necessarily valid. Other methods are more likely to produce good results. Statistical Significance Correct Answer: If the likelihood of getting the results is so small, then the results are Define a Parameter Correct Answer: a numerical measurement describing some characteristics of a population.