BIOD 151 Module 2 Exam (Portage Learning) Latest Update 2023/2024

BIOD 151 Module 2 Exam (Portage Learning) Latest Update 2023/2024 How many lobes does the right human lung have? Your Answer: Three lobes. Three Lobes Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: Trachea Nasopharynx Oropharynx Alveoli Rings of cartilage line much of the respiratory tract. In which of one the following would cartilage NOT be found? Trachea Larynx Bronchi Alveoli Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Label D- Label E- Label F- Label G- Your Answer: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D - Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why? Your Answer: When we swallow the epiglottis moves to block the entrance of food particles into our larynx and lungs. The muscles of the larynx pull upward to assist with this movement. They tightly close during swallowing. This prevents food from entering our lungs. The trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea. This is to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. Your Answer: The type I cells is a complex branched cell with multiple cytoplasmic plates that are greatly attenuated and realatively devoid of organelles. Type I cells the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli junction with capillaries. Make up roughly 95 % of aleveolar epithelial cells. The Type II cells act as the 'caretaker' of the alveolar compartment. Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addion, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells. Make up roughly 5% of alveolar epithelial cells. a. Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries. Make up roughly 95% of alveolar epithelial cells. b. Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells. Make up roughly 5% of alveolar epithelial cells. True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. True False (Negative pressure) True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. True False True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. False True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. True False True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. True (air naturally flows out of the lungs because of the pressure difference) False Boyle's law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? Thyroid Cricoid Arytenoid Epiglottal Hyaline