Bio 171 Final Exam Practice Questions

Bio 171 Final Exam Practice Questions What characteristics do angiosperms have? - CORRECT ANSWER-Seeds pollen xylem phloem multicellular haploid and diploid life stages What would happen in an ecosystem if decomposer populations went extinct? - CORRECT ANSWER-There would be more nitrogen and phosphorus in organic forms than in inorganic forms Researchers recently discovered CPV variants in raccoons, but raccoon-CPV cannot be transmitted to dogs. When researchers examined the viral capsid of the dog-CPV and the raccoon-CPV, they found a single amino acid substitution between the two capsid protein types. What is the most likely reason that raccoon-CPV cannot infect dogs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Because raccoon-CPV virus particles cannot fuse with the dog's cells In tropical forests there are about 400 species of Cordyceps fungi, and each Cordyceps species is an obligate parasite of a specific insect or other arthropod species. In Unit 3, you learned about how a Cordyceps infection controls host behavior; an infected insect will climb high up onto the forest vegetation, so that the fungal spores will cover a large area when they are released from the fungus. Which of the following hypotheses for the cause of the latitudinal gradient in species diversity best explains the large number of Cordyceps fungal species found in tropical forests, whereas there are only a few species found in temperate regions? A. The tropics regularly experience disturbances that result in primary succession, so this region has experienced a lot of speciation B. Climate in the tropics is very stable, so the extinction rate is high C. The tropics are exposed to strong solar radiation and low rainfall, which generates high NPP D. Tropical habitats have had a long time for strong biotic interactions to evolve, including coevolution of parasites and hosts E. A and D - CORRECT ANSWER-D In 2015, over 200,000 Saiga antelopes died in Kazakhstan, and researchers recently determined that a severe bacterial infection caused these deaths. 200,000 dead antelopes greatly changed the ecosystem processes occurring in the dry grasslands of Kazakhstan (48 degrees north latitude). Determine if each of the following statements is likely or not likely to occur following the mass death of these animals. Soil microbial respiration will increase, thereby increasing oxygen output from the soil. A. Likely B. Not Likely - CORRECT ANSWER-B In 2015, over 200,000 Saiga antelopes died in Kazakhstan, and researchers recently determined that a severe bacterial infection caused these deaths. 200,000 dead antelopes greatly changed the ecosystem processes occurring in the dry grasslands of Kazakhstan (48 degrees north latitude). Determine if each of the following statements is likely or not likely to occur following the mass death of these animals. Decomposers will convert more phosphorus from phospholipids into phosphate (PO43-), which is available to plants. A. Likely B. Not Likely - CORRECT ANSWER-A phosphate is in the soil In 2015, over 200,000 Saiga antelopes died in Kazakhstan, and researchers recently determined that a severe bacterial infection caused these deaths. 200,000 dead antelopes greatly changed the ecosystem processes occurring in the dry grasslands of Kazakhstan (48 degrees north latitude). Determine if each of the following statements is likely or not likely to occur following the mass death of these animals. Decomposition rates in this grassland will be higher than the decomposition rates in a tropical forest. A. Likely B. Not Likely - CORRECT ANSWER-B In 2015, over 200,000 Saiga antelopes died in Kazakhstan, and researchers recently determined that a severe bacterial infection caused these deaths. 200,000 dead antelopes greatly changed the ecosystem processes occurring in the dry grasslands of Kazakhstan (48 degrees north latitude). Determine if each of the following statements is likely or not likely to occur following the mass death of these animals. More energy will be available to primary producers than before the antelopes died. A. Likely B. Not Likely - CORRECT ANSWER-B (it's talking about primary PRODUCERS) Why do corals become bleached? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased ocean temperatures cause corals to expel their mutualistic algae (zooxanthellae). Why is antibiotic resistance more likely to arise in a patient with an active tuberculosis (TB) infection compared to a patient who has latent TB? - CORRECT ANSWER-Patients with active TB have a large number of actively dividing bacterial cells, and mutations that can confer resistance arise when bacterial DNA is copied prior to binary fission. Currently, what is/are very effective way(s) of reducing the number of new malarial infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum globally? - CORRECT ANSWER-using insecticide bed nets & giving drugs to patients What macromolecules is carbon in? - CORRECT ANSWER-carbs, lipids, proteins True or false: cellular respiration & release of energy as heat make energy transfer inefficient - CORRECT ANSWER-true True or false: Taking antibiotics represents a small disturbance to the microbiome, with species recovering to normal levels within a few days. - CORRECT ANSWER-false These dead antelopes greatly changed the ecosystem processes occurring in the dry grasslands of Kazakhstan (48 degrees north latitude). Which of the following statements is NOT likely to occur because of the mass death of these animals? A. Decomposer and detritivore populations will increase. B. More nitrogen will be fixed by mycorrhizal fungi in the area where the antelopes died. C. Conversion of phosphorus from the organic to inorganic form by decomposers will increase. D. Plant growth will increase in the area where the antelopes died. E. Carbon in biomass will be transferred to the atmospheric pool. - CORRECT ANSWER-B Is decomposition important flux for carbon, nitrogen, or both? - CORRECT ANSWER-Both True or false: the carbon and nitrogen cycles both have important atmospheric resovoirs - CORRECT ANSWER-true Why do we say that net primary productivity (NPP) is an ecosystem service? - CORRECT ANSWER-Because carbon fixation by photosynthetic organisms supports a huge diversity of organisms, and NPP is used by humans for food, clothing, shelt