BIOL 171 Final Exam Q & A {100% CORRECT} 2023

BIOL 171 Final Exam Q & A {100% CORRECT} 2023 Evolution is a theory that can be applied to different species, but cannot be directly tested - CORRECT ANSWER-False Several scientific studies have reported results that reject the process of evolution - CORRECT ANSWER-False Two species of birds that are closely related have evolved from an extinct common ancestor - CORRECT ANSWER-True Crab and human share common ancestor - CORRECT ANSWER-True Evolution often produces species that appear to have imperfect characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER-false Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER-a mechanism that explains how species change over time closest living ancestors to humans - CORRECT ANSWER-chimpanzees and bonobos Adaptive organisms - CORRECT ANSWER-organisms are adopted to environment in which they live adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-a heritable trait or behavior that aids the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment species - CORRECT ANSWER-a group of individuals organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring population - CORRECT ANSWER-a group of individual that share a gene pool and includes individuals natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER-individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than individual that don't How thought of Natural Selection? - CORRECT ANSWER-Darwin and his finches The Biological Species Concept - CORRECT ANSWER-Developed by Enerst Mayr a species is a group of organisms that can interbreed into nature and produce viable fertile off spring morphlogical species concept - CORRECT ANSWER-fossil species identification phylogenetic species concept - CORRECT ANSWER-asexual species identification relies on genetics different and morphology How do species form? - CORRECT ANSWER-through speciation Speciation - CORRECT ANSWER-the formation of species from one original species Speciation requirements - CORRECT ANSWER-barrire to gene flow Evolution (via natural selection) that leads to reproductive isolation Natural Selection Observation 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-Members of a population vary in their inherited traits Natural Selection Observation 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce After speciation occurs, what do we call the original species? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ancestor species Barriers that can lead to speciation - CORRECT ANSWER-Allopatric and sympatric Allopatric Speciation - CORRECT ANSWER-geographic barrier that reduces gene flow Sympatric Speciation - CORRECT ANSWER-subset of population acquires differences What does speciation happen through? - CORRECT ANSWER-it happens through polyploidy Polyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER-condition where organism have more than two paired sets of chromosomes Autopolyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER-one species involved in generating a polyploid Allopolyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER-two species involved in generating polyploid Type of Reproductive Isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-Pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation pre-zygotic isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-mechanisms that prevent mating or hinger fertilization before mating occurs post-zygotic isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-mechanisms that prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult (acting after mating occurs) Type of Pre-Zygotic isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, habitat isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-species occupy different habitats, never come into contact temporal isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-breed during different times, not fertile during same period during year behavioral isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-individuals do not recognize each other as potential mates (firefly flashing patterns, peacock feathers flashing) mechanical isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-physical differences between the organisms prevent successful mating gametic isolation - CORRECT ANSWER-sperm is unable to fertilize egg post zygotic barriers - CORRECT ANSWER-reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown reduced hybrid viability - CORRECT ANSWER-hybrid does not complete development or are frail reduced hybrid fertility - CORRECT ANSWER-hybrid itself is viable but sterile (mule) hybrid breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER-hybrid itself is viable and fertile, but subsequent offspring are inviable or sterile adaptive radiation - CORRECT ANSWER-the rapid evolution of ecologically different species from a common ancestor hybrid zone - CORRECT ANSWER-between speciation, in between diverged population and other population reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER-hybrids are less fit than either purebred species. the species continue to diverge until hyperization can no longer occur fusion - CORRECT ANSWER-reproduction barriers are weaken until the two species