Exam (elaborations) SOCG 1010 WGU C273

Who was the founder of conflict theory? - ANSWER Karl Marx Which idea did Auguste Comte introduce to the field of sociology? - ANSWER Positivism Which sociological perspective views society as being made up of groups competing for scarce resources? - ANSWER Conflict theory How would a functionalist theory explain the complexity of American families in the early twenty-first century? - ANSWER The complex patterns of family life permit greater economic and emotional security for individuals from diverse backgrounds. Experiments - ANSWER A controlled setting in which specific variables are manipulated and the outcomes are measured Surveys - ANSWER A series of questions asked of a sample of people Participant observation - ANSWER Research that takes place while the researcher actively participates in a setting Secondary Analysis - ANSWER The study of data that have already been collected What is the purpose of having ethical standards in social research? - ANSWER To protect human subjects Why is it considered unethical for sociologists to mislead their research participants? - ANSWER Because people have the right to give informed consent before participating in research What is an example of non-material culture? - ANSWER Language Which concept do sociologists use to describe a group whose values and goals are in opposition to mainstream culture? - ANSWER Counterculture What role do a culture's values play in social interactions? - ANSWER Values define a culture's standards for good and bad, beautiful and ugly, right and wrong. How does the workplace act as an agent of socialization? - ANSWER It is an environment where one can acquire new perspectives of the world. Where do most people first encounter gender socialization? - ANSWER Family How might Charles Horton Cooley use the concept of the looking-glass self to explain the influence of media on identity and behavior? - ANSWER Media affects the way that people perceive themselves because media reflects society's views of itself. Which area of social life would be analyzed from the perspective of macro-sociology? - ANSWER Social class Which agent of socialization focuses primarily on establishing norms of moral behavior? - ANSWER Religion How do sociologists describe the role of peers across the different stages of life? - ANSWER They serve as agents of socialization. Which two concepts reflect sociological ways of thinking about the development of self? - ANSWER The looking-glass self The generalized other