Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam Questions
with correct Answers
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. CORRECT ANSWERS Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. CORRECT ANSWERS Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? CORRECT ANSWERS Motor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. CORRECT ANSWERS Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: CORRECT ANSWERS Central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. CORRECT ANSWERS The neuron cell
body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: CORRECT ANSWERS From the peripheral to the central nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? CORRECT ANSWERS Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? CORRECT ANSWERS Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. CORRECT ANSWERS Depolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: CORRECT ANSWERS -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? CORRECT ANSWERS The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. CORRECT ANSWERS False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? CORRECT ANSWERS Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the
muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? CORRECT ANSWERS A signal travels from the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? CORRECT ANSWERS Dopamine In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system. CORRECT ANSWERS Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. CORRECT ANSWERS The integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? CORRECT ANSWERS The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? CORRECT ANSWERS It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. CORRECT ANSWERS Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. CORRECT ANSWERS Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
with correct Answers
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. CORRECT ANSWERS Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. CORRECT ANSWERS Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? CORRECT ANSWERS Motor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. CORRECT ANSWERS Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: CORRECT ANSWERS Central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. CORRECT ANSWERS The neuron cell
body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: CORRECT ANSWERS From the peripheral to the central nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? CORRECT ANSWERS Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? CORRECT ANSWERS Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. CORRECT ANSWERS Depolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: CORRECT ANSWERS -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? CORRECT ANSWERS The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. CORRECT ANSWERS False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? CORRECT ANSWERS Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the
muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? CORRECT ANSWERS A signal travels from the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? CORRECT ANSWERS Dopamine In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system. CORRECT ANSWERS Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. CORRECT ANSWERS The integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? CORRECT ANSWERS The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? CORRECT ANSWERS It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. CORRECT ANSWERS Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. CORRECT ANSWERS Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
