Chemical Engineering

Describe the difference between Chemists and Chemical Engineers - correct answers Chemists are on a smaller scale, do more research, are innovative, document reactions, and develop new compounds. Chemical Engineers work with existing materials, are on a larger scale, and focus on storage/transport and plant design/operation. Both take chemistry, bust chemists take more detailed courses. What is Chemistry? - correct answers The scientific study of materials, their composition and structure, properties, interactions, and changes they undergo. What are Thermodynamics? - correct answers The study of work, energy, and efficiency in large-scale systems. Zeroth Law - correct answers Thermal Equilibrium First Law - correct answers Law of conservation of energy Second Law - correct answers Energy will naturally disperse Entropy - correct answers The tendency of all energy and matter to seek a state of uniformity Third Law - correct answers The colder a substance gets, the less its atoms move What are Fluid Dynamics? - correct answers Study of fluid flow Turbulent Flow - correct answers Velocity fluctuations; highly disordered Contains swirls of water called "eddies" Fluid particles flow in many directions with no observable paths As turbulent flow increases, so does energy needed to move it Inertial forces dominate Laminar Flow - correct answers Has no disruption between layers of fluid Smooth streamlines, highly ordered Little to no mixing; particles flow in a straight path Viscous forces dominate What is Fluid Flow characterized by? - correct answers Reynolds Number RN = Density x Velocity x Diameter of Pipe / Dynamic Viscosity Under 2,500 = Laminar Over 10,000 = Turbulence Mass Balance - correct answers States that matter cannot be created or destroyed and must be constant in a closed loop. Amount of material that exists prior to chemical reaction is equal to the amount of material after the reaction. Differential Mass Balance - correct answers Measurement taken at the same point over time. Applied to a continuous process. Should always be the same. Each term in a differential balance equation represents a process stream and the mass flow rate of the chemical(s) in that stream. Integral Mass Balance - correct answers Are taken at 2 different points to show what is happening between 1 point and another. Typically taken at beginning and end of process. Each term in an integral balance represents a process stream and the mass of the chemical(s) in that stream. Fluid Flow Rate, Pressure, and Temperature - correct answers What are crucial to measure?