NCE(LPC) Exam Study Guide Liberty University 2023 LATEST UPDATE EXAM SOLUTION

NCE(LPC) Exam Study Guide Liberty University 2023 LATEST UPDATE EXAM SOLUTION Ego's need for immediate gratification. - Pleasure Principle The cause or of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases. - Etiology An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached . - Self-actualization This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers) - Unconditional Positive Regard Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior. - Shaping Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses. - Classical Conditioning A behavior modification used to establish new behavior. - reinforcement The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to . - Trait Theory Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment. - contextual worldview Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called . - libido Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response - counter conditioning Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different behaviors. - Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality. - Psychosis Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning. - Maturation Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed . - modeling inconsistencies in cognitive structure. - cognitive dissonance Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than coping directly with a stressful situation. - defense mechanisms Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client. - systematic desensitization Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of to help shape human behavior. - consequences Patterns of that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin. - abnormal behavior The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance. - Jung's theory of Introversion Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate participants. - token economy This approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual's perception of reality. - Phenomenological Emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior. - biological viewpoint Use of family constellation - Adler traits and values - Allport vicarious conditioning - Bandura 16 Personality Factor Questionairre - Cattell stage theory of development - Erikson Cognitive dissonance - Festinger id, ego, superego - Freud introversion-extroversion - Jung cognitive meaning making - Kegan The unpleasantness of motivates individuals to avoid or reduce Role Construct Repertory Test - Kelly Justice Reasoning & Moral development - Kohlberg Life Space - Lewin seven-stage ego development - Loevinger Self-actualization - Maslow Thematic apperception test - Murray Russian Psychologist - Pavlov dualism, relativism, & commitment - Perry original child psychologist - Piaget actualizing tendency - Rogers principle of reinforcement - Skinner interpersonal personality theory - Sullivan stimulus-response-consequence - Thorndike father of American behaviorism - Watson systematic desensitization - Wolpe The main factor in defining a minority. - Oppression In order to better serve Hispanic American clients, counselors should be & . - bilingual and bicultural Counselors who do not resolve their own will undermine their own work with minority clients. - prejudice The "Superwoman Syndrome" is an exampe of . - role strain When too many demands come from various areas of a person's life this results. - role conflict stereotyping, androgyny Sex role is unhealthy, where promotes better functioning. - - transitions other services difficult to obtain. - Discrimination against elderly, ageism This is detrimental to a counselor's work with gay men or lesbian women. - homophobia In determining treatment situations for clients, counselors should look for . - least restrictive environment Public law 94-192 improved services for children with . - disabilities or are more distinct in early life and more alike in the elderly. - Gender roles, Sex roles In building rapport with minority clients, counselors need to be aware of . - nonverbal communication Child, parent, & grandparent are the major . - family roles Females actually have greater than males. - verbal ability The balance between work life, family life, and leisure. - role integration dictate the customs, attitudes, and beliefs of a particular racial or ethnic group. - culture-bound values Culture conflict is a major issue for many . - Asian Americans Pessimism, stoicism, & laziness are stereotypes of . - Native Americans The counselor must accurately diagnose the problem taking cultural norms into consideration before - effective intervention can take place. The belief that clients should change to fit the environment. - autoplastic view The belief tht suggests changing the outside world. - Alloplastic view Counselors are often called to collaborate with medical and legal personnel when dealing with - abuse As nontraditional families increase, the traditional is declining. - nuclear family Times of change from one role or stage to the next are referred to as . or makes employment, housing, medical, and This decreases as one's age increases. - cohort group Lesbians and gays reveal their sexual orientation to themselves and/or others. - The process of coming out grieving process - Kubler-Ross emic-etic dilemma - Draguns life-career rainbow - Super primarily from China, Japan, & the Phillipines - Asian Americans life review therapy - Butler American Indian, Alaska Native, and New Indian - Native Americans primarily African - Black Americans developmental stages - Erikson MID model - Atkinson, Morten, & Sue Sex Role Inventory - Bem primarily Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican - Hispanic Americans five life-span eras - Levinson This may be basic, additive, or subtractive. - empathy This treatment focuses on the client's past. - psychoanalysis When counselors accept and value clients without reservation, they demonstrate . - UPR This type of therapy insists that clients take full responsibility for their actions. - reality Humanistic counselors believe clients are inherently moving towards . - self-actualization This relationship is voluntary, professional, and egalitarian. - consultation Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are showing - genuiness. This counselor has a personal style incorporating various theories and approaches. - eclectic According to , clients' current behaviors, feelings, and actions are based on their life scripts. - TA View developed scales for measuring empathy, genuiness, and respect. - Carkhuff Counselors who fear rejection or closeness and affection may have difficulty developing in the helping relationship. - intimacy Clients feel they have really been understood when counselors use accurate . - reflection of content and feeling. uses an approach that is very effective for treating depression. - Beck Counselors who apply complete thinking, feeling & behavior towards clients, use helping skill known as - attending This approach explores what is affecting the client in the here and now. - Gestalt Listening, attending, & inquiring - helping skills recognized the importance of a person's position in the family constellation. - Adler When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, takes place. - transference He introduced the concept of observational learning. - Bandura A process of eliminating anxiety by pairing the anxiety-evoking situation with a relaxing response. - systematic desenstization A basic premise of is that people are influenced by the consequences of their behavior. - behavior modification This view holds that individuals are essentially good in nature with a tendency toward growth and productivity.. - client-centered view Flooding the client with anxiety-producing stimuli within a safe setting is called - implosive therapy Counselors who keep confidentiality, are reliable, and are dependable slowly develop - trustworthiness The concept of collective unconscious was introduced by - Jung Adler - individual psychology Bandura - social learning theory Beck - cognitive therapy Berne - TA Caplan - mental health consultation Carkhuff - counselor response scales Egan - helping skills Ellis - RET & REBT Frankl - paradoxical intention Freud - psychoanalysis Gendlin - focusing Glasser - reality therapy Horney - neo-Freudian Ivey - microskills Jung - analytical psychotherapy Kurpius - consultation modalities Maslow - hierarchy of needs Moreno - psychodrama Parsons - father of guidance Perls - gestalt Rogers - person-centered Schein - process consultation Skinner - behavior modification Wolpe - behavior therapy This leadership style leaves all the group decision making up to the members of the group. - Laissez-faire The group's attractiveness to it's members is known as - cohesiveness One of the first things a group needs to do is start developing rules of conduct, known as - norms One of the basic techniques in transactional analysis is called - life-script analysis Personal growth group leaders are referred to as - facilitators This consists of the members of the groups analyzing the group's functioning. - group process Members may join at any time during the life of this type of group. - Open Group A direct expression of one's views and feelings in a conflict situation that also invites the oppostition to do the same. - confrontation One way groups are helpful is by providing members with - in vivo This concludes that group members change their behavior as a result of being observed. - The Hawthorne Effect "What happens in the group stays in the group" is an underlying assumption of - confidentiality According to Gazda, the stage linking exploration and action is the - transition "Primary," "secondary," and "tertiary" refer to - prevention These define the expectations of the group concerning the group members. - Group roles Counselors who focus on the group as a whole use - horizontal intervention This occurs when clients project onto the therapist feelings having to do with past relationships. - transference