Maryville Nurse 660 Exam 4 questions with complete Answers 2023

Exam 4 Nurse 660 questions with complete Answers 2023 The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to what area of the brain? - NURSE 660 prefrontal cortex Selective attention is due to what area of the PFC malfunctioning? - NURSE 660 dorsal ACC (anterior cingulate cortex) sustained attention and problem solving linked to what area of the brain? - NURSE 660 DLPFC hyperactivity is linked to what area of the brain? - NURSE 660 prefrontal motor cortex what test assessing sustained attention? - NURSE 660 N-back test where is sustained attention modulated in brain? - NURSE 660 CSTC loop in the DLPFC insufficient activation in the DLPFC can cause inattention "sustaiNed attention- N back" what test assesses selective attention? - NURSE 660 Stroop test "Selective, Stroop, Cingulate" where in the brain is selective attention modulated? - NURSE 660 the CSTC loop, Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex issues with sustained attention are: - NURSE 660 difficulty completing tasks disorganization trouble sustaining mental effort issues with selective attention are: - NURSE 660 difficulty with detail carless mistakes not listening losing things being distracted forgetting things what part of the brain modulates impulsitivity? - NURSE 660 orbitofrontal cortex what symptoms of impulsitivity are observed? - NURSE 660 talking excessively blurting things out not waiting ones turn interrupting what part of the brain modulates hyperactivity? - NURSE 660 prefrontal cortex what are some key observations in the prefrontal cortex as it relates to ADHD? - NURSE 660 orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-- impulsivity and hyperactivity DLPFC/DaCC-- sustained/selective attention issues how do NE and DA amounts manifest in relation to fatigue/anxiety? - NURSE 660 too little NE and DA = fatigue too much = anxiety what two receptors in the PRC are thought to be involved with ADHD treatment? - NURSE 660 alpha 2 a D1 how does ADHD affect NE and DA levels? - NURSE 660 NE levels low, signal reduced DA levels low, noise increased results in: fidget and inattention how should you treat NE and DA in adhd? - NURSE 660 increase NE Increase DA what receptors does NE stimulate in the postsynapse? - NURSE 660 alpha 2 a; even better effect when beta1 receptors also stimulated what effect does DA have on receptors and what does this cause? - NURSE 660 decreases the noise and prevents inappropriate connections from taking place through stimulating D1 receptors what effect does NE have on receptors and what does this cause? - NURSE 660 increases the incoming signal and allows for increase connections between prefrontal networks through stimulation of alpha 2A receptors what effect do slow dose stimulants have? - NURSE 660 amplify tonic NE and DA signals block NET in PFC block DAT in nucleus accumbens why do slow dose stimulants have less abuse potential? - NURSE 660 they dont occupy DAT too quickly or extensively, which is thought to reduce abuse potential what is salience provoked phasic firing? - NURSE 660 - bursts of DA release this can reinforce learning and reward conditioning which can lead to motivation to pursue rewarding experiences (education, career development) Can also lead to drug abuse.... how do pulsatile stimulants affect NE and DA? - NURSE 660 rapid increase in both can lead to feelings of euphoria and abuse ex: methylphenidate and amphetamine what is a big factor in if stimulants are abused? - NURSE 660 route and dose what stimulant is a competitive inhibitor of DAT and NET? - NURSE 660 amphetamine are both methylphenidate and amphetamine taken into the DA terminal? - NURSE 660 no, only amphetamine this is bc amphetamine and VMAT what happens when amphetamine is taken in to the terminal? - NURSE 660 can go into the vesicle and displace DA; this can lead to a fast release of DA which causes euphoric (and abuse causing) what is the MOA of methylphenidate on DA neurons? - NURSE 660 works on DAT similarly to SSRI (blocks reuptake of DA into terminal) this leads to more DA availability