TEST REVISON
Thursday, 27 August 2020 10:38 am
Topic 4: Mixtures and Solutions
Many reactions that are important to humans occur in solution, including reactions in the ce
oceans.
In this topic, students investigate the properties of polar and non-polar liquids, their miscibil
as solvents. They investigate the solubility of substances in water, and compare and analyse
Students use new chemical terminology and conventions to express ideas about solubility an
of concentrations and enthalpy changes.
Subtopic 4.1: Miscibility and Solutions
Science Understanding
Solvents can be considered as polar (e.g. water, methanol) or non-polar (e.g. hexane, turpen
• Identify water as a polar solvent and hydrocarbons as non-polar solvents.
Polar and non-polar solvents do not readily mix.
• Identify a solvent as polar or non-polar, based on its miscibility with water and hydrocarbo
Highly polar molecular substances are more soluble in water than non-polar molecules of a s
Molecular substances with small molecules are more soluble in water than larger molecules
• Predict, given the structural formulae, which of two compounds would be more soluble in
Compounds with non-polar and polar or ionic components facilitate the mixing of polar and
Subtopic 4.2: Solutions of Ionic Substances
Science Understanding
Many ionic substances are soluble in water. This is particularly so for ammonium and alkali m
• Describe the formation of ion-dipole interactions when ionic substances dissolve in water.
Equations can be written to represent the dissociation and hydration of ions that occurs whe
• Write equations for the dissolving of ionic substances in water.
Some ionic substances are not very soluble in water; such substances form as precipitates w
mixed.
• Write ionic equations for precipitation reactions.
• Explain why soap forms a scum in water containing calcium ions.
Subtopic 4.3: Quantities in Reactions
Thursday, 27 August 2020 10:38 am
Topic 4: Mixtures and Solutions
Many reactions that are important to humans occur in solution, including reactions in the ce
oceans.
In this topic, students investigate the properties of polar and non-polar liquids, their miscibil
as solvents. They investigate the solubility of substances in water, and compare and analyse
Students use new chemical terminology and conventions to express ideas about solubility an
of concentrations and enthalpy changes.
Subtopic 4.1: Miscibility and Solutions
Science Understanding
Solvents can be considered as polar (e.g. water, methanol) or non-polar (e.g. hexane, turpen
• Identify water as a polar solvent and hydrocarbons as non-polar solvents.
Polar and non-polar solvents do not readily mix.
• Identify a solvent as polar or non-polar, based on its miscibility with water and hydrocarbo
Highly polar molecular substances are more soluble in water than non-polar molecules of a s
Molecular substances with small molecules are more soluble in water than larger molecules
• Predict, given the structural formulae, which of two compounds would be more soluble in
Compounds with non-polar and polar or ionic components facilitate the mixing of polar and
Subtopic 4.2: Solutions of Ionic Substances
Science Understanding
Many ionic substances are soluble in water. This is particularly so for ammonium and alkali m
• Describe the formation of ion-dipole interactions when ionic substances dissolve in water.
Equations can be written to represent the dissociation and hydration of ions that occurs whe
• Write equations for the dissolving of ionic substances in water.
Some ionic substances are not very soluble in water; such substances form as precipitates w
mixed.
• Write ionic equations for precipitation reactions.
• Explain why soap forms a scum in water containing calcium ions.
Subtopic 4.3: Quantities in Reactions
