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(engelstalig) Samenvatting hoofdstuk 4, 5, 6 van Memo Max
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Deze samenvatting gaat over hoofdstuk 4 (§1, 2, 3, 4) hoofdstuk 5 (§1, 2, 3, 4) en hoofdstuk 6 (§2, 3)
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Ages1. Age of hunters & farmers: 10.000 B.C - 3000 B.C.
2. Age of Greeks & Romans: 3000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
3. Age of monks & knights: 500-1000
4. Age of cities & states: 1000-1500
5. Age of explorers & reformers: 1500-1600
6. Age of regents & monarchs: 1600-1700
7. Age of wigs & revolutions: 1700-1800
8. Age of citizens & steam engines: 1800-1900
Chapter 4
§1
1. Causes industrialization:
The agriculture improved what caused the British population to grow and those people
needed clothes so cotton clothes needed to be made faster so they made factories were they
made textile products
The increase in population meant that there were more workers and farms became more
efficient so a lot of farmers became unemployed. Those people were willing to work for low
wages which meant the prices of the products remained cheap.
Cheap materials could be gathered in the colonies.
Great Britain had a lot of coal and iron, so the fuel for steam engines was cheap and the iron
could be used for railways, machines and bridges.
New machines were invented and after a while everything could be made by machines,
which meant that there were no wages so the prices became lower.
1. Consequences of industrialization:
Between 1750 and 1850 Britain became an industrial society instead of an agrarian-urban
society which meant agriculture became less important and machines replaced a lot of work
spaces.
Traveling became faster which meant products were at the factory faster and cheaper to
transport it and a large network of railways was built
, More people started living in cities and the British population doubled in the space of 100
years and those people wanted to work which caused more cities to pop up around rural
areas.
The air became more polluted because more coal was used, this was very bad for peoples
health but they did not realize that. But now we know the consequences of that as global
warming.
§2
2. Working/ living conditions:
Wages were low because you didn’t need much skill for the factory work and the wages were
even lower for children and women so a lot of those people were hired.
There were long working hours and you worked 6 days in the week there also were no
holidays.
There was very bad air in the factory and the machines also made a deafening noise.
The work was very dangerous because your fingers could get stuck in the machines and there
were often explosions in the mines.
You couldn’t protest because you would just get fired.
3. Class Society/ Society of Estates:
Class society was easier to be of a higher status because in Estates you would need to be nobility or
clergy but in class society you could also be a shop owner or educated.
Class society:
1st class: rich business owners, lived in the suburbs with wide roads and nice parks in nice houses.
2nd class: educated office workers, shopkeepers, teachers. Less rich
3rd class: The working class, didn’t own anything, could only earn money by working.
§3
4. Netherlands before 1848:
The Netherlands was a kingdom and there was no democracy William I was the king and later
William II became king who wanted nothing to do with the public. After napoleon’s soldiers were out
of the Netherlands a stronger Netherlands was formed which included modern day Belgium,
Luxembourg and the Netherlands, however after only 15 years Belgium wanted to split off from the
Netherlands because they spoke another language and were mostly protestant. King William I
wanted to stop this by introducing one national language Dutch and the catholic religion through the
whole country. Those things already were normal in the northern Netherlands so only the south
needed to adapt. In 1830 the Belgian began a rebellion and within a year most other European
countries acknowledged Belgium as an own country, but William did not do that till 1839.
5. The new constitution of 1848:
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