CALT Exam Study Guide 2023 with complete solution (Guaranteed A+)

1. Rhyming: One of the first phonological awareness skills to develop 2. Blending & segmenting at syllable level: Develops at 3-4 years 3. Segmenting phonemes: Develops at 4-5 years 4. Isolating beginning sound in words, segmenting phonemes in CVC words- : Develops in kindergarten 5. Segmenting words with consonant blends: Develops in first grade 6. Receptive oral language: Listening 7. Expressive oral language: Speaking 8. Receptive written language: Reading 9. Expressive written language: Writing 10. letters representing phonemes: 26, 44 11. 5 vowel letters, vowel sounds: 15 12. Long vowels: Tense Vowels. (Beet, bait, boat, boot, bite, boy, bout) (a, e, i, o, u, oy, ou, oo) 13. Short vowels: Lax vowels - pat, pet, pit, pot, put, putt (a, e, i ,o, u, oo) 14. Fricatives: produced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v) 15. Affricates: ch/j 16. Glides: W, y 17. Liquids: l, r 18. Alphabetic principle: an understanding that letters and letter patterns repre- sent the sounds of spoken language 19. Six syllable types: closed, open, VCe, C+le, R controlled, vowel pairs 20. Semantics: Language content— meaning of words and the relationship be- tween and among words 21. Pragmatics: Language use— reasons, codes/styles, conversation rules 22. Phonology: the study of speech sounds in language 23. Morphology: units of meaning involved in word formation 24. Syntax: the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language 25. Teutonic Invasion: Shifted the balance of power in Central Europe leading up to the Christianizing of Britain 26. Norman Conquest: Began in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millenium. 27. Renaissance: "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome 28. The Great Vowel Shift: a phonetic shift in the way that long vowels were pronounced in English 29. Dyslexia: A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding abilities. 30. Inferior frontal gyrus: Broca's area — articulation and word analysis 31. Parieto-temporal area: Brain part responsible for word analysis 32. Occipito-temporal region: The vision center — word form 33. Angular gyrus: transforms visual representations into an auditory code 34. Wernicke's area: controls language reception - a brain area involved in lan- guage comprehension and expression; in the parieto-temporal lobe 35. Decode: Determine pronunciation of a word by breaking it down into sounds 36. Encode: To spell 37. Child pretends to read, can name letters of alphabet (6 mos-6 yrs): Jean Chall's stages of reading development, Stage 0-pre-reading