D027 Pathopharm EXAM 2023 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

color blindness and hemophilia sex-linked traits, cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits are sickle cell anemia. Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action -Inhibit Na reabsorption in the distal tubule -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion -Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes Diuril (chlorothiazide) 1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination Calcium Channel Blockers (INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension Ca Channel Blockers Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions Norvasc (amlodipine) Cardizem (Diltiazem) ACE inhibitors adverse effects 1. first dose hypotension 2. orthostatic hypotension cardia sensitvity insufficiency 6. hyperkalemia 7. Angioedema 8. Bone marrow depression Beta Blockers decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi Escitalopram Lexapro SSRI pituitary gland The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. atherosclerotic plaque fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels Primary HTN risk factors 1. Genetic predisposition 2. Excess dietary salt intake 3. Adrenergic tone 4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans) Primary HTN causes Renal Parenchymal disease Renal vascular disease essential HTN Cardiovascular disease CNS abnormalities Endocrine disease Syndromes Medication related (rare).