Licensed Educational Psychologist Exam-Ethics & Law 2023

Public Law 94-142 - Least restrictive environment for students with disabilities. All schools are required to identify students with learning disabilities. Only students with congenital physical or mental disabilities or those caused from trauma qualify for special education services. IDEA - Individuals with disabilities Educational Act - broadens rights of disabled students. Section 504 - This is a civil rights law & guarantees access to a school building & to a school's curriculum. Regulations require a school district to provide a "free appropriate public education" (FAPE) to each qualified student with a disability who is in the school district's jurisdiction, regardless of the nature or severity of the disability. The Hughes Bill (A.B. 2586) - Legislation deals with behavior interventions for special education students. Requires behavioral interventions respects human dignity, personal privacy, & ensures a pupil's placement in the least restrictive environment. Public Law 99-457 - Services sought be delivered to pre-schoolers (birth-2 years) with disabilities and encourage services to at-risk infants, toddlers, and their families. Larry P. Case - Supreme court ruled in favor of not using intelligence tests to place African American students in special education classrooms. Case was updated in the 1980s to include speech and language classroom placement. Public Law 105-17 - Revision was necessary due to a continual inappropriate labeling & identification of students with disabilities within the public education system. Many minority children were being mislabeled as students with disabilities, thus resulting in a highly disproportionate number of minority children in special education services. Public Law 105-17 - Specifically, this act stated that a child could not be identified as having a disability solely on insufficient instruction in reading, math, or English proficiency. Health Insurance Portability & Accountability (HIPAA) - HIPPA is an administrative function of handling client records and confidential health insurance information. The purpose of act is to ensure confidentiality of these records is maintained and the client's privacy is upheld Public Law 108-446 - Public schools must identify all students with disabilities, collect information regarding race & ethnicity. Goal is to provide students with disabilities all the services provided to students without disabilities. Public Law 108-446 (Revised) - Goal of revised law is to provide students with disabilities all the services possible and to allow these students the same opportunities as those without disabilities. Federal funding may be revoked or suspended if schools are found in noncompliance. Professionalism - typically based on guidelines of a profession as well as personal principles of how to conduct oneself in the work place. Privacy & Confidentiality - Privacy refers to the immediate surroundings. Confidentiality extends beyond the session & refers to the promise the therapist makes with the client that things discussed during a session will not be repeated. Best Practice - Practices that have been shown to provide or offer the best possible services to the clients. Best practices are often proposed based on empirical research. Conflict of interest - Occurs when a professional is involved in multiple relationships that may inter-mingle and violate ethical standards. A psychologist must avoid multiple types of relationships with the same individuals. School Psychologist's responsibility - Contribute to the improvement of the curriculum and student services offered at the school. As such, the psychologist should make efforts to participate in, conduct, and publish psychological research. Scope of the school psychologist - include all duties aimed at improving emotional, mental, & academic health of the students. Ensuring all students receive effective classroom instruction, working with teachers & administrators to provide additional instruction to students in need, & advocating & providing for students who need crisis management services. Diana v. State Board of Education - Assessments must be administered in the native languages of the students (must be able to validate minority testing practices). Consulting is a triadic relationships - It is the cooperation of three parties: the consultee, the consultant, and the client. The relationship is developed in order to solve a specific goal. PASE v. Hannon - This is a pro-special education ruling that endorsed the use of standardized tests as long as they are not culturally biased and are used with several other measures.