Certified Lactation Counselor Questions and Answers (2023) (Graded A+)

weaning - ANSWER the addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely stopping or ceasing breastfeeding when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among the wealthy population? - ANSWER 16th-17th century and through the 18th century which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during? - ANSWER the summer (due to food spoilage) what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th century) - ANSWER -wheat flour -cows milk -sugar what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding? - ANSWER mothers report not producing enough milk when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to continue to decline? - ANSWER 20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's) what is the WHO code? - ANSWER an attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM (artificial baby milk) and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code is not law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom) *breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!* what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - ANSWER -sexual vs functional aspects of breasts -women in the workplace -"im not producing enough milk" -lack of support from medical profession where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - ANSWER -between 2nd & 6th rib -from sternum to mid axillary line -only gland in not fully functioning at birth *may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands hypoplastic breasts - ANSWER -insufficient glandular tissues -usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib -typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more) montgomery glands/tubercles - ANSWER "small bumps" located around areola that become more prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance during pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to nipple, while also helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body areola - ANSWER vary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during pregnancy and do not return to pre-pregnancy color nipple - ANSWER contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability; normally found at 4th intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on average) for milk to be expressed through during lactation nipple/areola complex - ANSWER thought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3 times resting length during breastfeeding; areola = most sensitive part of breast nipples = least sensitive everted nipples - ANSWER most common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest & everts well with stimulation flat nipples - ANSWER soft, but pliable & graspable pseudo-inverted nipples - ANSWER appear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation or compression retracted nipples - ANSWER type of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but retracts, rather than everts, with compression inverted nipples/nipple inversion - ANSWER retracted nipples that occur with retracted both with rest and stimualtion what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? - ANSWER -inverted syringe -supple cups -breast shells -avent nipplette