Exam 2 NR 222 Practice test questions and answers

Exam 2 NR 222 Therapeutic communication - -the purposeful use of communication to build and maintain helping relationships with the client, families, and significant others -client centered: not social or reciprocal -purposeful, planned, and goal-directed What to avoid when talking with a patient. - avoid self-disclosure negative aspects of personal problems/affairs. can come off as unprofessional Effective communication - the exchange of information so there is common understanding by all participants 30-60% of medical errors come from not communicating correctly Healthy People 2020 - Improve health care quality and safety Increase the efficiency of health care and public health service delivery Improve public health information infrastructure Improve health literacy Improve environment for all - client & health care providers to prevent horizontal violence Values - What we believe to be important; change and evolve over time silent forces behind one's actions and decisions Self awareness steps - Listening to oneself: (Attention to emotions, thoughts, memories, reactions) Listening to and learning from others: (Feedback: helps to modify some ineffective behaviors) Self-disclosure: (Enhance self-knowledge, Promote reciprocal interaction) Practical reflection: debriefing of event (Enhance understanding of events & appropriate action) therapeutic relationship stages - sequential phases: overlap, vary in length, involve issues over time Orientation/Introductory Stage: nurse and patient/client meet and get to know each other Working Stage: nurse and client works together, problem solving, goal attainment, teach client for certain skills for self-care Terminal Stage: end of relationship Ethical communication - Enhances dignity and respect by fostering trustfulness, fairness, responsibility, and personal integrity Barriers to effective communication - Anxiety, Attitudes, Noise, Activity, Distance, Language, Beliefs, Touch, Eye contact, Illness, Discomfort, Appearance, Emotion, Body language, Gestures, Interruptions, Distractions, Illness, Medications, Pain Forms of Communication - verbal: (things to watch while talking:Vocabulary, Word meaning, Pacing, Intonation) Clarity and brevity, Timing and relevance non-verbal: 90% of communication Rapport - a close and harmonious relationship understand each other's feelings/ideas empathy - ability to understand and accept other's feelings Proxemics - the study of the use of space. different cultures have different set of proxemics though. Techniques with communication - Active listening Sharing Touch: Must ask for permission Silence: Allow clients to reflect on issues being discussed, Should wait quietly until ready to talk again Clarifying Reflecting Focus Paraphrase Summarize Humor Non-therapeutic communication - Usually blocks the development of a trusting and therapeutic relationship: Asking personal questions unrelated to condition, Giving personal opinions, Changing the subject, False reassurance, Sympathy, Approval or disapproval, Passive or aggressive responses, Arguing, Rejecting open-ended questions - questions that allow respondents to answer however they want closed-ended questions - questions a person must answer by choosing from a limited, predetermined set of responses. yes or no questions Communication methods for clients with special needs - Cannot speak clearly: (Use visual cues: pictures, words, objects to point out; Provide dry erase board to write on, Give pen and paper Are cognitively impaired Are hearing &/or visually impaired: Avoid speaking loudly Are unresponsive: Speak as if they are alert & oriented Are non-English speaking: Avoid using family member/friend to interpret Use designated agent staff, language line, trained interpreter Communication Methods among cultural groups - Different religions, ethnicities, individual comfort Eye contact Spatial distance Body contact