NR 510 Week 8 Final Exam

NR 510 Week 8 Final Exam NR 510 Week 8 Final Exam 1. What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment? (Pts. : 2)         Nausea         Fatigue         Hair loss         Weight loss Ques: 2.2. Where are Langerhans cells found? (Pts. : 2)         Skin         Intestinal lining         Kidney         Thyroid Ques: 3.3. An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? (Pts. : 2)         Atrial septal defect (ASD)         Ventricular septal defect (VSD)         Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)         Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Ques: 4.4. Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection? (Pts. : 2)         Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails.         Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections.         Fungal infections release endotoxins.         Vaccines prevent fungal infections. Ques: 5.5. A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called: (Pts. : 2)         Hemolytic shock         Anaphylaxis         Necrotizing vasculitis         Systemic erythematosus Ques: 6.6. What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? (Pts. : 2)         Refractory         Hyperpolarization         Threshold         Sinoatrial (SA) Ques: 7.7. Which renal change is found in older adults? (Pts. : 2)         Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate         Sharp decline in renal blood flow         Decrease in the number of nephrons         Decrease in urine output Ques: 8.8. Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process? (Pts. : 2)         Autosomal recessive inheritance         Autosomal dominant inheritance         Infection         Malignancy Ques: 9.9. What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children? (Pts. : 2)         Chronic respiratory infections         Adenotonsillar hypertrophy         Obligatory mouth breathing         Paradoxic breathing Ques: 10.10. What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? (Pts. : 2)         Herpes simplex virus type 6         Herpes simplex virus type 2         Human papillomavirus         Human immunodeficiency virus Ques: 11.11. Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system? (Pts. : 2)         Decreased flow resistance         Fewer alveoli         Stiffening of the chest wall         Improved elastic recoil Ques: 12.12. Which cancer originates from connective tissue? (Pts. : 2)         Osteogenic sarcoma         Basal cell carcinoma         Multiple myeloma         Adenocarcinoma Ques: 13.13. Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process? (Pts. : 2)         Neutrophils         Monocytes         Eosinophils         Erythrocytes Ques: 14.14. An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? (Pts. : 2)         Intermittent murmur         Lack of symptoms         Need for surgical repair         Triad of congenital defects Ques: 15.15. Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? (Pts. : 2)         Viruses         Bacteria and fungi         Protozoa and Rickettsiae         Mycoplasma Ques: 16.16. During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? (Pts. : 2)         B lymphocytes proliferate.         The nodes are inflamed.         The nodes fill with purulent exudate.         The nodes are not properly functioning. Ques: 17.17. Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response? (Pts. : 2)         Norepinephrine         Epinephrine         Cortisol         Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Ques: 18.18. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the: (Pts. : 2)         Medulla         Cortex         Pyramids         Columns Ques: 19.19. In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells? (Pts. : 2)         Thymus gland         Regional lymph nodes         Bone marrow         Spleen Ques: 20.20. Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease? (Pts. : 2)         Syphilis         Gonorrhea         Human papillomavirus         Pelvic inflammatory disease Ques: 21.21. Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children? (Pts. : 2)         A         B         C         E Ques: 22.22. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies attacking which type of cells? (Pts. : 2)         Neutrophils         Eosinophils         Platelets         Basophils Ques: 23.23. An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? (Pts. : 2)         Atrial septal defect (ASD)         Ventricular septal defect (VSD)         Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)         Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Ques: 24.24. The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: (Pts. : 2)         2 years         1 year         10 months         5 months Ques: 25.25. What is the function of erythrocytes? (Pts. : 2)         Tissue oxygenation         Hemostasis         Infection control         Allergy response Ques: 26.26. Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease are caused by a deficit in which of the brain’s neurotransmitters? (Pts. : 2)         Gamma-aminobutyric acid         Dopamine         Norepinephrine         Acetylcholine Ques: 27.27. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? (Pts. : 2)         Ovarian         Lung         Uterine         Pancreatic Ques: 28.28. Which term is also used to refer to paradoxic sleep? (Pts. : 2)         Non-REM         Light         REM         Delta wave Ques: 29.29. Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium? (Pts. : 2)         An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday         A depressed Hispanic woman         An individual on the second day after hip replacement         A man diagnosed with schizophrenia Ques: 30.30. Which term is used to describe an intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the ileocecal valve? (Pts. : 2)         Congenital aganglionic megacolon         Malrotation         Intussusception         Volvulus Ques: 31.31. The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? (Pts. : 2)         IgA         IgE         IgG         IgM Ques: 32.32. A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain? (Pts. : 2)         Frontal         Temporal         Parietal         Occipital Ques: 33.33. Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria? (Pts. : 2)         Staphylococcus aureus         Streptococcus         Pseudomonas aeruginosa         Haemophilus Ques: 34.34. How can glaucoma cause blindness? (Pts. : 2)         Infection of the cornea         Pressure on the optic nerve         Opacity of the lens         Obstruction of the venous return from the retina Ques: 35.35. Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: (Pts. : 2)         Magnesium         Calcium         Sodium         Water Ques: 36.36. How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature? (Pts. : 2)         The release of epinephrine causes shivering.         It affects muscle tone.         It raises the metabolic rate.         It increases and strengthens the heart rate. Ques: 37.37. Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease? (Pts. : 2)         Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow         Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament         Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint         Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon Ques: 38.38. Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which mechanism of heat loss? (Pts. : 2)         Evaporation         Radiation         Convection         Conduction Ques: 39.39. Which statement is true regarding the major difference between male and female sex hormone production? (Pts. : 2)         Luteinizing hormone has no apparent action in a man.         In a man, sex hormone production is relatively constant.         Estradiol is not produced in a man.         In a man, gonadotropin-releasing hormone does not cause the release of follicle stimulating hormone. Ques: 40.40. Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome? (Pts. : 2)         Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair         An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears         High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90         Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness Ques: 41.41. What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands? (Pts. : 2)         Enhancement of the motility of sperm         Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule         Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria         Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse Ques: 42.42. What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and webbed neck? (Pts. : 2)         Down         Cri du chat         Turner         Klinefelter Ques: 43.43. The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone? (Pts. : 2)         Thyroxine         Insulin         Cortisol.         Antidiuretic hormone Ques: 44.44. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? (Pts. : 2)         Incidence         Prevalence         Ratio         Risk Ques: 45.45. Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea? (Pts. : 2)         Disorder in the endometrium         Obstruction of the fallopian tubes         Lack of physical exercise         Failure to ovulate Ques: 46.46. What is the first sign of puberty in girls? (Pts. : 2)         Breast enlargement         Growth of pubic hair         Menstruation         Vaginal discharge Ques: 47.47. What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis? (Pts. : 2)         Hypospadias         Epispadias         Hyperspadias         Chordee Ques: 48.48. The presence of a zygote having one chromosome with the normal complement of genes and one with a missing gene is characteristic of which genetic disorder? (Pts. : 2)         Cri du chat         Down syndrome         Klinefelter syndrome         Turner syndrome Ques: 49.49. Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by: (Pts. : 2)         Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces         Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells         Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas         Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production Ques: 50.50. In scoliosis, curves in the thoracic spine greater than how many degrees result in decreased pulmonary function? (Pts. : 2)         40         50         60         80 Ques: 51.51. The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder? (Pts. : 2)         Osteogenesis imperfecta         Rickets         Osteochondrosis         Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Ques: 52.52. Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive? (Pts. : 2)         Stress         Greenstick         Insufficiency         Pathologic Ques: 53.53. It is true that myasthenia gravis: (Pts. : 2)         Is an acute autoimmune disease.         Affects the nerve roots.         May result in adrenergic crisis.         Causes muscle weakness. Ques: 54.54. Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? (Pts. : 2)         Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally         Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles         Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps         Sensitivity at tender Pts. and profound fatigue Ques: 55.55. Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance? (Pts. : 2)         Secretory         Motility         Osmotic         Small volume Ques: 56.56. Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection? (Pts. : 2)         The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8.         A thin squamous epithelial lining develops.         Vaginal pH becomes more acidic.         Estrogen levels are low. Ques: 57.57. Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer? (Pts. : 2)         Increased consumption of dairy produces         Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C         Decreased consumption of foods high in fat         Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring Ques: 58.58. Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles? (Pts. : 2)         Sodium         Potassium         Calcium         Magnesium Ques: 59.59. At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? (Pts. : 2)         Esophageal atresia         Congenital aganglionic megacolon         Pyloric stenosis         Galactosemia Ques: 60.60. Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion? (Pts. : 2)         Vitamin B6         Vitamin B1         Vitamin K         Folic acid Ques: 61.61. The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they: (Pts. : 2)         Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.         Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.         Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.         Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse. Ques: 62.62. Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates? (Pts. : 2)         Trypsin         Amylase         Lipase         Chymotrypsin Ques: 63.63. What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone? (Pts. : 2)         Sharpey fibers         Collagen fibers         Glycoproteins         Elastin fibers Ques: 64.64. The absence of which major hormone is a determinant of sexual differentiation (wolffian system) in utero? (Pts. : 2)         Estrogen         Progesterone         Growth hormone         Testosterone Ques: 65.65. Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? (Pts. : 2)         Inhibin         Leptin         Activin         Follistatin Ques: 66.66. What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? (Pts. : 2)         Periorbital edema         Scrotal or labial edema         Frothy urine         Ascites Ques: 67.67. Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? (Pts. : 2)         Dementia syndrome         Delirium         Alzheimer disease         Parkinson disease Ques: 68.68. What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? (Pts. : 2)         Non-Hodgkin lymphoma         Kaposi sarcoma         Toxoplasmosis         Cytomegalovirus Ques: 69.69. What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? (Pts. : 2)         Reduced excretion of purines         Overproduction of uric acid         Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels         Overproduction of proteoglycans Ques: 70.70. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of: (Pts. : 2)         Positive feedback         Negative feedback         Neural regulation         Physiologic regulation Ques: 71.71. Transcription is best defined as a process by which: (Pts. : 2)         DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on ribonucleic acid (RNA).         RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis.         RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. ??         A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence. Ques: 72.72. Which medical diagnosis is characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon? (Pts. : 2)         Lateral epicondylitis         Medial tendinitis         Bursitis         Lateral tendinitis Ques: 73.73. What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? (Pts. : 2)         Hypothalamus         Anterior pituitary         Mammary glands         Posterior pituitary Ques: 74.74. Loud snoring, a decrease in oxygen saturation, fragmented sleep, chronic daytime sleepiness, and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder? (Pts. : 2)         Obstructive sleep apnea         Upper airway resistance syndrome         Somnambulism         Narcolepsy Ques: 75.75. What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle? (Pts. : 2)         Gradual decrease in estrogen levels         Sudden increase of LH         Sharp rise in progesterone levels         Gradual increase in estrogen levels