Test Bank For Psychology 6 Th Edition By Saundra K. Ciccarelli J. And Noland White

The goals of psychology are to . a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death d) describe, explain, predict, and control behavior 2. was an early proponent of functionalism. a) Ivan Pavlov c) Wilhelm Wundt b) William James d) Max Wertheimer 3. Freud said phobias were , whereas Watson said phobias were . a) learned; inherited c) sexual; unconscious b) repressed conflicts; learned d) conditioned; unconditioned 4. Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? a) psychoanalysis c) cognitive perspective b) humanism d) behaviorism 5. The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and it is your turn. “I’ll take Specialties in Psychology for $300.” The revealed answer is, “These psychological professionals work with situations in which environmental conditions may have an impact on mental health.” What will you say? a) “What is a neuropsychologist?” b) “What is a forensic psychologist?” c) “What is a psychiatric social worker?” d) “What is a developmental psychologist?” 6. When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of . a) case study research c) survey research b) naturalistic observation d) psychometric study 7. A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a . a) representative sample c) single-blind study b) case study d) naturalistic observation 8. A negative correlation means that . a) high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other b) high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other c) low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other d) there is no relationship between the two variables 9. is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group. a) The double-blind study c) The single-blind study b) Field research d) Correlational research 10. Experimenters can justify the use of deception because . a) there is informed consent c) it may be necessary for the experiment to work b) research is more important than people d) it is not that harmful Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 1 Answer Key 1. d Explanation: These goals adequately help uncover the mysteries of behavior. (Topic: 1.6 The Scientific Approach, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.6 Recall the five steps of the scientific approach, APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.) 2. b Explanation: William James was a functionalist. (Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 3. b Explanation: Freud studied repressed conflict and Watson studied observable behavior. (Topic: 1.2 Three Influential Approaches: Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, and Behaviorism, Skill Level: Analyze It, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 4. b Explanation: The humanistic perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization. (Topic: 1.3 Modern Perspectives, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology, APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.) 5. c Explanation: Psychiatric social workers work with people in conditions of poverty or other types of environmental situations leading to mental disorders. (Topic: 1.4 Psychological Professionals and Areas of Specialization, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.4 Differentiate between the various types of professionals within the field of psychology, APA Learning Objectives: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.) 6. b Explanation: In naturalistic observation, you are just watching—that is, observing. (Topic: 1.7 Descriptive Methods, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior, APA Learning Objectives: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology; 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 7. b Explanation: A case study involves a detailed description of a particular individual. (Topic: 1.7 Descriptive Methods, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 8. a Explanation: A negative correlation means that high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other. (Topic: 1.8 Correlations: Finding Relationships, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.8 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables, APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.) 9. c Explanation: The single-blind study is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group. (Topic: 1.10 Experimental Hazards and Controlling for Effects, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.10 Recall two common sources of problems in an experiment and some ways to control for these effects, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 10. c Explanation: Deception is justified if the study wouldn’t work any other way. (Topic: 1.11 The Guidelines for Doing Research with People, Skill Level: Analyze It, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.11 Identify some of the common ethical guidelines for doing research with people, APA Learning Objective: 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice.) Name Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 2 1. The question “What is happening?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description c) prediction b) explanation d) control 2. claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement. a) William James c) B. F. Skinner b) Sigmund Freud d) Wilhelm Wundt 3. Dr. Ramos contends that humans are intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world. Dr. Ramos likely agrees with the theory of psychology. a) psychoanalytic c) cognitive b) behavioral d) evolutionary 4. “Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive.” According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a . a) conclusion c) hypothesis b) result d) fact 5. Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way? a) case study c) correlational studies b) experiment d) naturalistic observation 6. A(n) is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. a) independent variable c) experimental effect b) dependent variable d) correlation 7. Maricella has always been drawn to the saying “Absence makes the heart grow fonder,” and she decides to incorporate this saying into her research project. Maricella is trying to define absence in a way that can be empirically tested. She is attempting to find an appropriate . a) hypothesis c) double-blind study b) operationalization d) theory 8. A good control group . a) contains at least one confound b) has a limited number of dependent variables c) has a limited number of research participants d) holds constant all variables in the experiment 9. In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The manipulated variable is called the . a) dependent variable c) independent variable b) experimental variable d) placebo 10. “There is no life outside this solar system and nothing you can say will change that fact!” Which criterion of critical thinking does this person lack? a) Evidence is only necessary if it can be tested. b) All evidence is not equal in quality. c) Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. d) Critical thinking requires an open mind. Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 2 Answer Key 1. a Explanation: Asking “what” means asking for a description. (Topic: 1.6 The Scientific Approach, Skill Level: Understand the Concepts, Difficulty Level; Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.6 Recall the five steps of the scientific approach, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 2. c Explanation: Skinner believed that behavior that is followed by good consequences is reinforced. (Topic: 1.3 Modern Perspectives, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 3. d Explanation: Survival advantage is a basic premise of evolutionary psychology. (Topic: 1.3 Modern Perspectives, Skill Level: Analyze It, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology, APA Learning Objectives: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.) 4. c Explanation: This statement is an educated guess about the effects of violent cartoons. (Topic: 1.6 The Scientific Approach, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.6 Recall the five steps of the scientific approach, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 5. d Explanation: Naturalistic observation involves watching behaviors without intervening. (Topic: 1.7 Descriptive Methods, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 6 d Explanation: A correlation measures how strongly two variables are related. (Topic: 1.8 Correlations: Finding Relationships, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.8 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 7. b Explanation: Operationalization defines terms in ways that render them measurable. (Topic: 1.9 The Experiment, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.9 Identify the steps involved in designing an experiment, APA Learning Objectives: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology; 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 8. d Explanation: A control group is used as a baseline of comparison, so all variables should be held as constant as possible to avoid any confounds. (Topic: 1.9 The Experiment, Skill Level: Understand the Concepts, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.9 Identify the steps involved in designing an experiment, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.)