Seminar – Statistics Exam 2023 Solved 100% Correct

descriptive statistics includes - ANSWER-measure of central tendency measures of variability central tendency scores - ANSWER-mean, median, mode measures of central tendency describe... - ANSWER-the average or common score of a group of scores variability scores - ANSWER-standard deviation, variance, range measures of variability describes... - ANSWER-the extent of similarity or difference in a set of scores standard deviation - ANSWER-a measure of the variability, or spread, of a set of scores around the mean deviation scores - ANSWER-the sum of the differences between each score and the mean a good approach for measuring variability around the mean variance - ANSWER-the square of the standard deviation (this takes away negative and positive, it is all just deviation) confidence interval - ANSWER-the range of values within which a population parameter is estimated to lie a confidence interval provides... - ANSWER-a band within which the population mean is likely to fall confidence interval = - ANSWER-Mean +/- (standard error x confidence level) standard error - ANSWER-the variability of the sampling distribution of the statistic correlation - ANSWER-a statistical technique used to determine the relationship between two or more variables on the test if you see "this" word, think correlation - ANSWER-"relationship" two different techniques to determine score relationships - ANSWER-1. graphing technique 2. mathematical technique called correlation types of correlations - ANSWER-positive, negative, no correlation, curvilinear how to quantify correlation relationships - ANSWER-scale from -1.00 to +1.00 +1.00= perfect positive relationship 0= no relationship -1.00= perfect negative relationship significance - ANSWER-the reliability of or confidence in the likelihood of a statistic occurring again if they study were repeated what type of significance number is best? - ANSWER-the better the significance, the smaller the number is (close to zero is good, close to 1 is bad) explain what a significance of .05 means in real words - ANSWER-if 100 experiments were conducted, the null hypothesis (that there is no relationship) would be falsely rejected, by chance, on 5 occasions, so it is unlikely that this is a case of false rejection coefficient of determination - ANSWER-the amount of variability in one measure that is explained by the other measure coefficient of determination = - ANSWER-square of the correlation coefficient the coefficient of determination is used to interpret... - ANSWER-meaningfulness of correlations Fisher Z transformation - ANSWER-a method of approximating normality of a sampling distribution of linear relationship by transforming coefficients of correlation to Z values regression - ANSWER-When two variables are related (correlated), it is possible to predict a person's score on one variable (Y) by knowing their score on the second variable (X) regression line (line of best fit) - ANSWER-line that best describes the trend in the data regression line (line of best fit) = - ANSWER-Y' = a + bX Y' = predicted value a = intercept of the regression line (Y intercept) b = slope of the regression line (change in Y with each change in X) X = score on the predictor variable abscissa - ANSWER-x-axis ordinate - ANSWER-y-axis residual scores - ANSWER-the difference between the predicted and actual scores that represents the error of prediction standard error of prediction - ANSWER-The standard deviation for the errors of prediction; an index of the accuracy of a prediction equation spurious correlation - ANSWER-a relationship in which the correlation between two variables is due primarily to the common influence of another variable semipartial correlation - ANSWER-removing the influence of a third variable on only one of the two variables in a relationship "relationship" on test means... - ANSWER-correlation there will be a matching page on test where you have to match the type of study with the correct type of stat - ANSWER-ouch multiple correlation-regression - ANSWER-predicts score Y using several X scores are multiple predictions accurate for predicting a person's score on measure Y? - ANSWER-not really multiple regression equation = - ANSWER-Y = A + B1X1 + B2X2 R represents... - ANSWER-the multiple correlation coefficient, which indicated the relationship between the criterion (dependent variable) and a weighted sum of the predictor variable (independent variables) R squared - ANSWER-a method of interpreting the meaningfulness of the strength of the relationship between independent and dependent variables shrinkage - ANSWER-tendency for the validity to decrease when the prediction formula is used with a new sample populations specificity - ANSWER-phenomenon whereby a regression equation that was developed with a particular sample loses considerable accuracy when applied to others three multivariate correlational procedure - ANSWER-canonical correlation